Fluoride Complexation of Element 104, Rutherfordium

Abstract

Fluoride complexation of element 104, rutherfordium (Rf), produced in the 248Cm(18O,5n)261Rf reaction has been studied by anion-exchange chromatography on an atom-at-a-time scale. The anion-exchange chromatographic behavior of Rf was investigated in 1.9-13.9 M hydrofluoric acid together with those of the group-4 elements Zr and Hf produced in the 18O-induced reactions on Ge and Gd targets, respectively. It was found that the adsorption behavior of Rf on anion-exchange resin is quite different from those of Zr and Hf, suggesting the influence of relativistic effects on the fluoride complexation of Rf.

Chemical properties of rutherfordium (Rf) and dubnium (Db) in the aqueous phase

“…These results confirm that Rf is a member of the group-4 elements in the Periodic Table [7][8][9][10]. On the contrary, fluoride complex formation of Rf is significantly different from that of the homologs Zr and Hf, demonstrating a surprising behaviour of Rf [15][16][17][18]. Here, we summarize the fluoride complex formation studies of Rf performed with ARCA II and AIDA.…”

Aqueous-phase chemistry of the transactinides

“…In solutions with more dilute fluoride ion concentration, Kasamatsu et al [127] have ascertained the well-known significantly different anion-exchange behavior between Nb and Ta in mixed HF/HNO 3 and have measured the K d [105,108], and the values agree well with the batchwise determined values. The K d value of Db was evaluated from its %ads in the same way as described in [105,108].…”

“…The anion-exchange chromatographic behavior of Rf was investigated by Haba et al [108] in 1.9-13.9 M HF and compared to that of Zr and Hf. As HF is a weak acid, equilibration among HF, H + , F − , and HF 2 − in aqueous solution is established by the chemical equations…”

“…The K d value of Db was evaluated from its %ads in the same way as described in [105,108]. It was found that the adsorption of Db on the resin is considerably weaker than that of Ta and is similar to that of Nb and Pa.…”

Adsorption Behavior of ⁹⁵Nb and ¹⁷⁹Ta as Homologues of Element 105, Db, on Cation Exchanger in HF/HNO₃ Solution

“…For Db, only a few experiments to investigate its chemical behavior such as a distribution equilibrium in twophase partition have been carried out [4][5][6] after some primary chemical experiments such as a mutual separation. [7][8][9][10][11] In our previous studies, [12][13][14][15] anion-and cation-exchange behavior of Rf has been investigated in detail using the automated ionexchange separation apparatus coupled with the detection system for alpha spectroscopy (AIDA). 16 Interesting results have been obtained especially in the f luoride complex formation; the properties of Rf are largely different from those of the homologues.…”