Fluoride concentration of drinking water and dental fluorosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis in Iran

Goodarzi, Fatemeh; Mahvi, Amir Hossein; Hosseini, Mostafa; Nabizadeh, Ramin; Kharazifard, Mohammad Javad; Parvizishad, Mina

doi:10.4103/2155-8213.190482

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The recommended fluoride content in drinking water should not be more than 1 parts per million (ppm). 12 It is of interest that the fluorosis occurs due to local effects of fluoride on the mineralizing tooth germ, predominantly the maturation stage of enamel formation that is up to the age of 8 years. 12 Fluorosis clinical spectrum ranges from mild discoloration of tooth surface to severe staining and pitting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 It is of interest that the fluorosis occurs due to local effects of fluoride on the mineralizing tooth germ, predominantly the maturation stage of enamel formation that is up to the age of 8 years. 12 Fluorosis clinical spectrum ranges from mild discoloration of tooth surface to severe staining and pitting. 12 There have been various studies mentioning the excessive level of fluoride preset in the drinking water of Thar district.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 Fluorosis clinical spectrum ranges from mild discoloration of tooth surface to severe staining and pitting. 12 There have been various studies mentioning the excessive level of fluoride preset in the drinking water of Thar district. 1,[13][14][15][16] The native individuals are at high risk of developing dental fluorosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Frequency of Dental Fluorosis in Population Drinking Water with High Fluoride Level in Thar

Ahmed¹,

Ali²,

Zaheer³

et al. 2020

J Pak Dent Assoc

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OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to see the frequency of dental fluorosis in exposed area (Sammo Rind village of Thar District) and in unexposed area of Gadap town of Karachi and to find the association of fluoride level with dental fluorosis in both groups. METHODOLOGY: The water samples were taken from both the sites and fluoride estimation in water and geometrical, was determined using Fluoride Ion Selective Electrode (FISE) method. By random selection 121 subjects from Sammo Rind village and 121 controls from Gadap Town Karachi were included in study after informed consent. The participants were clinically examined by an expert university teacher dentist in proper dental setups in examination lights. RESULTS: A frequency of dental fluorosis of 100% was found among the study subjects with fluoride content as high as 6- 8 mg/dl as compared to prevalence of dental fluorosis 17.4% in unexposed group with water fluoride content as low as 0.30mg/dl. CONCLUSIONS: The high level of underground water fluoride level and cent per cent dental fluorosis in Thar area is an alarming situation that should be addressed immediately at national level. KEYWORDS: Exposed area, Dental Flurosis, Fluoride Level, Water Sample HOW TO CITE: Ahmed I, Ali A, Zaheer M, Fatima I, Khan N. Frequency of dental fluorosis in population drinking water with high fluoride level in Thar. J Pak Dent Assoc 2020;29(4):259-263. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25301/JPDA.294.259

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Frequency of Dental Fluorosis in Population Drinking Water with High Fluoride Level in Thar

Ahmed¹,

Ali²,

Zaheer³

et al. 2020

J Pak Dent Assoc

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Distribution and health risk assessment of natural fluoride of drinking groundwater resources of Isfahan, Iran, using GIS

Aghapour

Bina

Tarrahi

et al. 2018

Environ Monit Assess

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Fluoride (F) contamination in groundwater can be problematic to human health. This study evaluated the concentration of fluoride in groundwater resources of Isfahan Province, the central plateau of Iran, and its related health issues to the inhabitant populations. For this purpose, 573 drinking groundwater samples were analyzed in 2016 by using the spectrophotometric method. Non-carcinogenic health risks due to F exposure through consumption of drinking water were assessed using the US EPA method. In addition, the associated zoning maps of the obtained results were presented using geographic information system (GIS). The results indicated that F content in drinking water ranged from 0.02 to 2.8 mg/L. The F contents were less than 0.50 mg/L in 63% of the drinking groundwater samples, 0.51-1.5 mg/L in 33.15%, and higher than 1.5 mg/L in 3.85% (Iran and World Health Organization guidelines) of the drinking groundwater samples. The F levels in the west and the south groundwater resources of the study areas were lower than 0.5 mg/L, which is within the recommended values for controlling dental caries (0.50-1.0 mg/L). Therefore, these places require more attention and more research is needed to increase F intake for health benefit. The HQ index for children, teens and male and female adults had health hazards (HQ > 1) in 51, 17, 28, and 18 of samples, respectively. Groundwater resources having a risk of more than one were located in the counties of Nayin, Natanz, and Ardestan. So, in these areas, there are potential risks of dental fluorosis. The most vulnerable groups were children. The F levels must be reduced in this region to decrease endemic fluorosis.

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Fluoride contamination in groundwater and associated health risks in Karbi Anglong District, Assam, Northeast India

Hanse

Chabukdhara

Baruah

et al. 2019

Environ Monit Assess

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Fluoride concentration of drinking water and dental fluorosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis in Iran

Cited by 11 publications

References 1 publication

Frequency of Dental Fluorosis in Population Drinking Water with High Fluoride Level in Thar

Frequency of Dental Fluorosis in Population Drinking Water with High Fluoride Level in Thar

Distribution and health risk assessment of natural fluoride of drinking groundwater resources of Isfahan, Iran, using GIS

Fluoride contamination in groundwater and associated health risks in Karbi Anglong District, Assam, Northeast India

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