Fluoride contamination in drinking water in rural habitations of Northern Rajasthan, India

Suthar, Surindra; Garg, V.K.; Jangir, Sushant; Kaur, Simarjeet; Goswami, Nidhi; Singh, Shikha

doi:10.1007/s10661-007-0011-x

Cited by 111 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Since an interaction between F bearing minerals in host rocks and water is known to control F concentration in bathing solution. Suthar et al (2007), however, observed significant variations in F concentration in groundwater along depth.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Assessment of potential hazards of fluoride contamination in drinking groundwater of an intensively cultivated district in West Bengal, India

Kundu

Mandal

2008

Environ Monit Assess

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We assessed the potential of fluoride (F) contamination in drinking groundwater of an intensively cultivated district in India as a function of its lithology and agricultural activities. Three hundred and eight groundwater samples were collected at different depths from various types of wells and analyzed for pH, EC, NO(3)-N load and F content. A typical litholog was constructed and database on fertilizer and pesticide uses were also recorded for the district. The water samples were almost neutral in reaction and non-saline in nature with low NO(3)-N content (0.02 to 4.56 microg mL(-1)). Fluoride content in water was also low (0.01 to 1.18 microg mL(-1)) with only 2.27% of them exceeding 1.0 microg mL(-1) posing a potential threat of fluorosis. On average, its content varied little spatially and along depth of sampling aquifers because of homogeneity in lithology of the district. The F content in these samples showed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.12, P < or = 0.05) with the amount of phosphatic fertilizer (single super phosphate) used for agriculture but no such relation either with the anthropogenic activities of pesticide use or NO(3)-N content, pH and EC values of the samples was found. The results suggest that the use of phosphatic fertilizer may have some role to play in F enrichment of groundwater.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Assessment of potential hazards of fluoride contamination in drinking groundwater of an intensively cultivated district in West Bengal, India

Kundu

Mandal

2008

Environ Monit Assess

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“…The high frequency of superposition of arseniasis with Xuorosis was conWrmed. The Xuorosisarseniasis co-endemic related with the unique exposure scenario represents a rare situation and greatly diVers from the exposure via Xuorine-or arsenic-contaminated drinking water which happened in most other endemic areas in this country (Jin et al 2003;Hao et al 2002;Zhu et al 2006;Zhao et al 2006;Zha et al 2005;Guo et al 2006;Lan et al 2008) and along the world as well (Armienta and Segovia 2008;Oruc 2008;Suthar et al 2008;Rahman et al 2009). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-occurrence of arseniasis and fluorosis due to indoor combustion of high fluorine and arsenic content coal in a rural township in northwest China: epidemiological and toxicological aspects

Lin

Gong

Wei³

et al. 2011

Arch Toxicol

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A large number of fluorosis and arseniasis cases appeared in a mountainous area in northwest China. The residents relied on local inferior coal ("bone coal") of high fluorine and arsenic content for domestic heating and cooking. For deep-inside information about this rare case of co-endemia of fluorosis and arseniasis in the population in this special exposure scenario, a field investigation in one of the hyperendemic townships was conducted. The resident population registered (n = 27,713) was enrolled in the investigation. All cases were diagnosed and assigned to three symptom severity groups, that is severe, medium, and mild according to Chinese National Standard Criteria GB 16396-96 and to the technical guideline WS/T208-01 or WS/T211-01 issued by the Chinese Ministry of Health. Gender difference was analyzed by standardized incidence ratio. Age trend and severity trend were tested by χ(2) analysis. Fluorosis was diagnosed in 56.7% of the residents. Over 95% of the diagnosed arseniasis cases were simultaneously diagnosed with fluorosis symptoms. Combined fluorosis-arseniasis represented 11.9% of the total fluorosis cases and 6.7% of the local population. No gender-related differences in the prevalence of skeletal, dental, or dermal symptoms inside all severity groups were detected. Symptom severity increased with age. The high frequency of superposition of arseniasis with fluorosis might be due to the fact that the local resident population has been exposed to very high levels of fluorine and arsenic via the same exposure route.

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“…Thus, there is a clear need to take chemical contaminants into account in developing risk management strategies for the safety of drinking water (WHO 2007). Fluoride in drinking water has appeared as a serious problem, and around 200 million people, from among 25 nations the world over, are under the dreadful fate of fluorosis (Suthar et al 2008a;Garg et al 2009). Fluoride is endemic for the Indian subcontinent.…”

Section: Safe Drinking Water: Some Quality Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contaminated drinking water and rural health perspectives in Rajasthan, India: an overview of recent case studies

Suthar

2010

Environ Monit Assess

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Access to safe drinking water is an important issue of health and development at national, regional, and local levels. The concept of safe drinking water assumes greater significance in countries like India where the majority of the population lives in villages with bare infrastructures and poor sanitation facilities. This review presents an overview of drinking water quality in rural habitations of northern Rajasthan, India. Although fluoride is an endemic problem to the groundwater of this region, recently, other anthropogenic chemicals has also been reported in the local groundwater. Recent case studies indicate that about 95% of sites of this region contain a higher fluoride level in groundwater than the maximum permissible limit as decided by the Bureau of Indian Standards. Nitrate (as NO3-) contamination has appeared as another anthropogenic threat to some intensively cultivable rural habitations of this region. Biological contamination has appeared as another issue of unsafe drinking water resources in rural areas of the state. Recent studies have claimed a wide variety of pathogenic bacteria including members of the family Enterobacteriaceae in local drinking water resources. Overall, the quality of drinking water in this area is not up to the safe level, and much work is still required to establish a safe drinking water supply program in this area.

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Fluoride contamination in drinking water in rural habitations of Northern Rajasthan, India

Cited by 111 publications

References 5 publications

Assessment of potential hazards of fluoride contamination in drinking groundwater of an intensively cultivated district in West Bengal, India

Assessment of potential hazards of fluoride contamination in drinking groundwater of an intensively cultivated district in West Bengal, India

Co-occurrence of arseniasis and fluorosis due to indoor combustion of high fluorine and arsenic content coal in a rural township in northwest China: epidemiological and toxicological aspects

Contaminated drinking water and rural health perspectives in Rajasthan, India: an overview of recent case studies

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