Fluoride Content in Caffeinated, Decaffeinated and Herbal Teas

Chan, Joel; Koh, Sheila H

doi:10.1159/000262142

Cited by 44 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The highest level was obtained for the infusion of organic Turkish black tea (sample 16) and the lowest one was found in extract of Ceylon green tea (sample 22). The obtained concentrations are comparable with those reported by the authors (Chan and Koh, 1996;Hayacibara et al, 2004;Malinowski et al, 2008).…”

Section: Fluoride Extraction Into Tea Infusionssupporting

confidence: 91%

Evaluation of Fluoride Concentration and Daily Intake by Human from Tea Infusions

Atasoy¹,

Yeşilnacar²,

Atasoy³

2016

Harran Tarım Ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi

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The objectives of this study were to determine the fluoride content of tea and the percentage of the average daily intake of fluoride from tea extracts after 10 min brewing. The fluoride content in infusion of commercially available Turkish and Ceylon black, green teas were determined by ion selective electrode. The content of fluoride in tea infusion ranged from 1.010 to 2.89 mg L -1. The fluoride concentrations determined in Turkish black and green tea infusion were higher than in Ceylon black and green tea. The intake of fluoride will be in the range of 30.2-50.0% and 48.3-80.0% for adult and children-teenagers tea drinkers respectively, consuming ten glasses or five cups (1000 ml) of black tea per day. People are often exposed to multiple sources of fluoride, such as in food, water, air and excessive use of toothpaste. The control of tea quality is important to protect the human against to too high uptake of this element from black tea, which is the most popular beverage in Turkey. Excessive intake of fluoride with black tea, especially in the regions with its high level in the drinking water, increases the risk of dental fluorosis in children during the years of tooth development. Keywords: Tea infusion, Fluoride, Black tea, Green tea Demlenmiş Çayların Florür Miktarlarının ve Günlük Florür Alımının Belirlenmesi ÖzBu çalışmanın amacı Türk ve Seylan siyah ve yeşil çaylarının 10 dakika demlendikten sonraki Florür miktarlarını ve bu miktarların günlük flor ihtiyacını karşılama oranlarını ion selektif elektrot kullanarak belirlemektir. Demleme sonrası çayların florür miktarları 1.010 ile 2.89 mg L -1 arasında değişmiştir. Siyah ve yeşil Türk çaylarının florür miktarlarının Seylan çaylarından daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yetişkin ve çocuk bir birey günde 1000 ml siyah çay (10 bardak veya 5 fincan) tükettiğinde sırasıyla günlük florür ihtiyacının %30.2-50.0 ve %48.3-80.0'ini karşılayacaktır. İnsanlar gıda, su, hava ve diş macunları gibi farklı kaynaklardan florür almaktadırlar. Bu nedenle, özellikle sularında fazla miktarda florür bulunan bölgelerde, çocuklar gelişme dönemlerinde florisis riski ile karşı karşıyadır.

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Section: Fluoride Extraction Into Tea Infusionssupporting

confidence: 91%

Evaluation of Fluoride Concentration and Daily Intake by Human from Tea Infusions

Atasoy¹,

Yeşilnacar²,

Atasoy³

2016

Harran Tarım Ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi

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“…20 Studies have focused primarily on black tea. 4,9 However, there is a wide variety of tea and herbal tea now available with no data on fluoride and aluminum concentration. In addition, recent publication has showed that the daily fluoride intake by Brazilian children from diet and dentifrice (0.09 mg F/kg) is 30% higher than the safe threshold for fluoride exposure to avoid dental fluorosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoride and aluminum in teas and tea-based beverages

et al. 2004

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ObjectiveTo evaluate fluoride and aluminum concentration in herbal, black, ready-to-drink, and imported teas available in Brazil considering the risks fluoride and aluminum pose to oral and general health, respectively. Methods One-hundred and seventy-seven samples of herbal and black tea, 11 types of imported tea and 21 samples of ready-to-drink tea were divided into four groups: I-herbal tea; II-Brazilian black tea (Camellia sinensis); III-imported tea (Camellia sinensis); IVready-to-drink tea-based beverages. Fluoride and aluminum were analyzed using ionselective electrode and atomic absorption, respectively. Results Fluoride and aluminum levels in herbal teas were very low, but high amounts were found in black and ready-to-drink teas. Aluminum found in all samples analyzed can be considered safe to general health. However, considering 0.07 mg F/kg/day as the upper limit of fluoride intake with regard to undesirable dental fluorosis, some teas exceed the daily intake limit for children. Conclusions Brazilian and imported teas made from Camellia sinensis as well as some tea-based beverages are sources of significant amounts of fluoride, and their intake may increase the risk of developing dental fluorosis. Resumo Objetivo

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“…The FSA Total Diet Study (FSA, 2000) estimated that 1 l of tea (four to five cups) prepared with fluoridated water would make a significant contribution to fluoride intake, that is, 0.03 mg/kg body weight (2.2 mg/day for a 70 kg adult based on usual methods of preparation by consumers). If made from non-fluoridated water, the concentration would be 0.34-3.71 mg/l (mean ¼ 1.5 mg/l) (Chan and Koh, 1996). Decaffeinated teas in America have been shown to contain higher levels of fluoride ranging from 1.01 to 5.2 mg/l (mean ¼ 3.19 mg/l) (Chan and Koh, 1996), possibly due to the use of fluoridated water during the decaffeination process.…”

Section: Dental Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If made from non-fluoridated water, the concentration would be 0.34-3.71 mg/l (mean ¼ 1.5 mg/l) (Chan and Koh, 1996). Decaffeinated teas in America have been shown to contain higher levels of fluoride ranging from 1.01 to 5.2 mg/l (mean ¼ 3.19 mg/l) (Chan and Koh, 1996), possibly due to the use of fluoridated water during the decaffeination process. A systematic review has suggested that fluoride from tea may benefit dental health (NHS CRD, 2000).…”

Section: Dental Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black tea – helpful or harmful? A review of the evidence

Ruxton²,

2006

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Objective: To consider whether consumption of black tea has a positive or negative impact on health. Design: Databases were searched for relevant epidemiological and clinical studies published between 1990 and 2004. Results: Clear evidence was found for coronary heart disease (CHD), where an intake of X3 cups per day related to risk reduction. The mechanism could involve the antioxidant action of tea polyphenols. While experimental models have suggested that flavonoids attenuated cancer risk, epidemiological studies failed to demonstrate a clear effect for tea, although there is moderate evidence for a slightly positive or no effect of black tea consumption on colorectal cancer. Studies on cancer were limited by sample sizes and insufficient control of confounders. There is moderate evidence suggestive of a positive effect of black tea consumption on bone mineral density although studies were few. There is little evidence to support the effect of tea on dental plaque inhibition but evidence to support the contribution of tea to fluoride intakes and thus theoretical protection against caries. There was no credible evidence that black tea (in amounts typically consumed) was harmful. Normal hydration was consistent with tea consumption when the caffeine content was o250 mg per cup. A moderate caffeine intake from tea appeared to improve mental performance, although sample sizes were small. There was no evidence that iron status could be harmed by tea drinking unless populations were already at risk from anaemia. Conclusions: There was sufficient evidence to show risk reduction for CHD at intakes of X3 cups per day and for improved antioxidant status at intakes of one to six cups per day. A maximum intake of eight cups per day would minimise any risk relating to excess caffeine consumption. Black tea generally had a positive effect on health. Sponsorship: The Tea Council. The authors confirm that the sponsors played no role in the writing of this review.

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Fluoride Content in Caffeinated, Decaffeinated and Herbal Teas

Cited by 44 publications

References 6 publications

Evaluation of Fluoride Concentration and Daily Intake by Human from Tea Infusions

Evaluation of Fluoride Concentration and Daily Intake by Human from Tea Infusions

Fluoride and aluminum in teas and tea-based beverages

Black tea – helpful or harmful? A review of the evidence

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