Fluoride exposure and its potential health risk assessment in drinking water and staple food in the population from fluoride endemic regions of Bihar, India

Mridha, Deepanjan; Priyadarshni, Priya; Bhaskar, Kumar; Gaurav, Aman; De, Ayan; Das, Antara; Joardar, Madhurima; Chowdhury, Nirmalya; Roychowdhury, Tarit

doi:10.1016/j.gsd.2021.100558

Cited by 51 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…A similar kind of observation was also reported earlier from fluoride endemic Jilin province, China (Bo et al, 2003). The children (4-8 years) from both the studied districts were exposed with the highest EDI cumulative value of fluoride compared to the other three studied age groups (adolescents, teenagers, and adults) (Supplementary Table 5) which was supported by previous studies reported from fluoride endemic regions in Bihar (Mridha et al, 2021), West Bengal, India (Bhattacharya et al, 2017), and Dayyer, Iran (Keshavarz et al, 2015). The children (1-3 years) were highly exposed to the daily intake of fluoride from different foods commercialized in a European region compared to adolescents (15-17 years) and adults (Jaudenes et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The cumulative EDI values of fluoride through dietary food crops among all the age groups in Bankura (range: 0.021-0.029 mg/kg bw/day) and Purulia (range: 0.023-0.032 mg/kg bw/day) were much lower than the observed values (range: 0.06-0.19 mg/kg bw/day) reported earlier from the same study areas considering the major pathway of fluoride exposure contributed through drinking water (Bhattacharya et al, 2017). Drinking water contributed approximately 96% of fluoride to EDI cumulative with respect to all the dietary sources of the studied populations with various age groups from fluoride endemic districts in Bihar, India (Mridha et al, 2021). A similar kind of observation was also reported earlier from fluoride endemic Jilin province, China (Bo et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

“…About 72 and 60% of the infants and children had mean HI > 1 and the values were much higher than adults from a study conducted in Northwest of China (Chen et al, 2017). Higher HI values of children were also reported than that of teenagers and adults from fluoride endemic Birbhum district of West Bengal (Mukherjee et al, 2019) and Bankey Bazar and Rajauli blocks of Bihar, India (Mridha et al, 2021). Drinking water accounted for high HI due to increasing consumption of water under hot climatic conditions, which was not accounted for in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…The collected food crops and soil samples were digested following the protocol of the alkali fusion process (Malde et al, 2001;Mridha et al, 2021). About 0.5 g of dried sample was taken in a 25 ml nickel crucible followed by the addition of 0.5 ml double-distilled water to maintain the moist condition and 6 ml of 8 (M) NaOH solutions.…”

Section: Digestion and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fluoride being an essential micronutrient possesses both beneficial and detrimental effects on human health through the consumption of dietary intakes (Chavoshi et al, 2011;Kimambo et al, 2019). Intake of high doses of fluoride can cause several diseases such as ligaments calcification, liver and kidney dysfunction, nerve weakness, developmental disorder, organ tissue damage, and pathological changes in addition to deleterious dental along with skeletal fluorosis, dense, and brittle bone problems in children (Ding et al, 2011;Sun et al, 2013;Susheela et al, 2013;Bhattacharya et al, 2020;Mridha et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fluoride Exposure and Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment Through Different Agricultural Food Crops From Fluoride Endemic Bankura and Purulia Districts of West Bengal, India

Mridha

Ray

et al. 2021

Front. Environ. Sci.

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The present study investigates the magnitude of fluoride (F−) contamination in agricultural land soil and food crops from F− endemic regions of Bankura and Purulia districts in West Bengal. Mean fluoride level in agricultural soil was 114 ± 59 mg/kg (n = 41) and 126 ± 65 mg/kg (n = 47) in Bankura and Purulia districts, respectively. Considering the food crops cultivated in Bankura (n = 79) and Purulia (n = 108), the mean fluoride concentration in nonleafy vegetables (18.1 ± 6.51 mg/kg and 15.6 ± 5.93 mg/kg) and leafy vegetables (12.8 ± 2.8 mg/kg and 18.4 ± 6.33 mg/kg) from the two studied districts was comparatively higher than that in the cereal (2 ± 1.05 mg/kg and 2.01 ± 1.01 mg/kg) and pulses (3.35 ± 1.42 mg/kg and 4.82 ± 1.19 mg/kg). The BCF values of fluoride in food crops (n = 27) from Bankura (range: 0.007–0.377) and Purulia (range: 0.005–0.319) were much lower than the optimum value of 1. Estimated daily intake (EDI) of fluoride was the highest for children in both Bankura (EDIcumulative = 0.0291 mg/kg bw/day) and Purulia (EDIcumulative = 0.0326 mg/kg bw/day) among all the studied age groups. The nonleafy vegetables contributed the highest exposure of fluoride (approximately 55.5%) to EDIcumulative among all the food crops. The uncertainty analysis for assessment of probabilistic health risk was carried out for all the studied age groups through hazard index (HI), total hazard index (THI), and lifetime noncarcinogenic risk (HILTNR). However, HI value was found to be <1 for all the age groups resulting in no such kind of potential health risk of fluorosis through consumption of individual food crops, and the trend of THI from all the food crops was found in the order of children > adults > adolescents > teenagers from both districts. The lifetime noncarcinogenic risk (HILTNR) of fluoride with percentile doses from P5 to P95 (exploring the model of Monte Carlo simulation) in all the studied age groups (4–70 years) was found to be >1 indicating that the inhabitants were more vulnerable for their total lifetime period of fluoride exposure through consumption of food crops.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Digestion and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fluoride Exposure and Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment Through Different Agricultural Food Crops From Fluoride Endemic Bankura and Purulia Districts of West Bengal, India

Mridha

Ray

et al. 2021

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Health implications among school children due to fluoride in underground aquifers of Haryana state, India

Singh

Bhardwaj²,

Awasthi³

2021

Environmental Quality Mgmt

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Potable water requirements for 98% of people in Haryana (India) are accomplished by groundwater resources. Considering the presence of high fluoride content in ground aquifers, and the subsequent problem of dental fluorosis, this study was conducted in the central region of Haryana state. Underground water samples at eight sites at three depths were examined during premonsoon and postmonsoon (2018–2020) to differentiate the impact of water recharging and its interaction with rocks. The SPADANS‐zirconyl oxychloride method (UV–vis spectrophotometer – Systronics 118) was adopted for fluoride‐level detection. The fluoride level in sampling sites varied from 0.19 to 2.87 ppm with a mean of 1.06 ppm in water samples. More than 38% of samples did not meet the optimum permissible limit (1 ppm) of fluoride in potable water. The fluoride level intensifies in postmonsoon samples with the maximum concentration at 40 m bgl depth. Estimated marginal mean statistics illustrate a significant impact of locations, depth of water sample, and monsoon season on fluoride levels. Fluorosis prevalence among school‐going children (N = 1600) was also assessed (Dean's index) to gain implications of fluoride concentration on health. Forty‐nine percent of children suffer from various levels of dental fluorosis with male children had high occurrences. Public health authorities must ensure safe drinking water availability and preventive measures for fluorosis prevalence in this region through defluoridation of water resources and distribution of calcium/ascorbic acid food supplement to school children.

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Uncovering Fluoride Contamination in Groundwater of Arid and Semi-Arid Regions: Stigma to Solutions

Ali

2023

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry

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Fluoride exposure and its potential health risk assessment in drinking water and staple food in the population from fluoride endemic regions of Bihar, India

Cited by 51 publications

References 76 publications

Fluoride Exposure and Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment Through Different Agricultural Food Crops From Fluoride Endemic Bankura and Purulia Districts of West Bengal, India

Fluoride Exposure and Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment Through Different Agricultural Food Crops From Fluoride Endemic Bankura and Purulia Districts of West Bengal, India

Health implications among school children due to fluoride in underground aquifers of Haryana state, India

Uncovering Fluoride Contamination in Groundwater of Arid and Semi-Arid Regions: Stigma to Solutions

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