Fluoride exposure during pregnancy and lactation triggers oxidative stress and molecular changes in hippocampus of offspring rats

Effects of Fluoride on Submandibular Glands of Mice: Changes in Oxidative Biochemistry, Proteomic Profile, and Genotoxicity

“…The samples of submandibular glands were initially cryofractured with liquid nitrogen and then, two samples from the same group were pooled and all the experiment was proceeded in biological triplicate. The detailed protocol is described in previous publications from our group ( Bittencourt et al, 2019 ; Alves Oliveira et al, 2020 ; Dionizio et al, 2020 ; Leão et al, 2020 ; Lopes et al, 2020 ; Ferreira et al, 2021 ).…”

“…The samples of submandibular glands were initially cryofractured with liquid nitrogen and then, two samples from the same group were pooled and all the experiment was proceeded in biological triplicate. The detailed protocol is described in previous publications from our group (Bittencourt et al, 2019;Alves Oliveira et al, 2020;Dionizio et al, 2020;Leão et al, 2020;Lopes et al, 2020;Ferreira et al, 2021). The first step consisted of protein extraction by lysis buffer containing 7 M urea, 2 M thiourea, and 40 mM dithiothreitol (DTT) in a 50 mM ammonium bicarbonate solution (AmBic) under constant stirring at 4°C for 2 h. Then, the samples were centrifuged (20,817 g, 30 min, 4°C) and the supernatant was collected, and the protein content was determined by Bradford's method (Bradford, 1976).…”

Changes in Gene and Protein Expression of Metalloproteinase-2 and -9 and Their Inhibitors TIMP2 and TIMP3 in Different Parts of Fluoride-Exposed Rat Brain

“…All the studied brain structures were found to contain a higher F level in the F-exposed group (range 80-200 mg/kg) compared to the control (range 70-150 mg/kg). A study using a similar experimental model has shown that 50mg/L of NaF causes fluoride accumulation in the hippocampus [51], while in another study researchers got a significantly higher level of plasma F [52] using the same dosage of F. The reason why the results are different may be the different time points of tissue collection (PSD 90 in our study vs. PSD 21) and the design of control. Since the cited studies used deionized water as a control, while having in mind that metalloproteinases and all brain processes are sensitive to lack of basic anions and cations, we decided to use tap water as the control and base water for NaF concentration for the experimental group for better reflection of the processes in a normal environment.…”

Lead‐Induced Motor Dysfunction Is Associated with Oxidative Stress, Proteome Modulation, and Neurodegeneration in Motor Cortex of Rats

“…Looking to the proteomic approach, several proteins are indicative of a redox status imbalance, as the heat shock proteins (HSP), that have been present in several previous works from our group which investigated the effects of metals on CNS proteome [13,14,25,[43][44][45][46]. The lead administration up-regulated the expression of HSP subunits as 71 (P63018), 75 (Q5XHZ0), and 90 alpha (P82995) and beta (P34058).…”