Fluoride-free synthesis of anodic TiO<sub>2</sub> nanotube layers: a promising environmentally friendly method for efficient photocatalysts

Hanif, Muhammad Bilal; Thirunavukkarasu, Guru Karthikeyan; Liapun, Viktoriia; Makarov, Hryhorii; Gregor, M.; Roch, Tomáš; Pleceník, T.; Hensel, Karol; Šihor, Marcel; Monfort, Olivier; Motola, Martin

doi:10.1039/d2nr03379h

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The rise in band gap with annealing temperature is attributed to structural modifications, reduction in defects density, increase in oxygen content, and quantum confinement in annealed PbS films [ 33 , 34 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PbS and PbO Thin Films via E-Beam Evaporation: Morphology, Structure, and Electrical Properties

et al. 2022

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Thin films of lead sulfide (PbS) are being extensively used for the fabrication of optoelectronic devices for commercial and military applications. In the present work, PbS films were fabricated onto a soda lime glass substrate by using an electron beam (e-beam) evaporation technique at a substrate temperature of 300 °C. Samples were annealed in an open atmosphere at a temperature range of 200–450 °C for 2 h. The deposited films were characterized for structural, optical, and electrical properties. Structural properties of PbS have been studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). The results of XRD showed that the PbS thin film was crystalline in nature at room temperature with cubic crystal structure (galena) and preferential (111) and orientation (022). The morphology of the thin films was studied by FESEM, which also showed uniform and continuous deposition without any peel-off and patches. EDS analysis was performed to confirm the presence of lead and sulfur in as-deposited and annealed films. The thickness of the PbS film was found to be 172 nm, which is slightly greater than the intended thickness of 150 nm, determined by RBS. Ultraviolet-Visible-Near-Infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) spectroscopy revealed the maximum transmittance of ~25% for as-deposited films, with an increase of 74% in annealed films. The band gap of PbS was found in the range of 2.12–2.78 eV for as-deposited and annealed films. Hall measurement confirmed the carriers are p-type in nature. Carrier concentration, mobility of the carriers, conductivity, and sheet resistance are directly determined by Hall-effect measurement. The as-deposited sample showed a conductivity of 5.45 × 10−4 S/m, which gradually reduced to 1.21 × 10−5 S/m due to the composite nature of films (lead sulfide along with lead oxide). Furthermore, the present work also reflects the control of properties by controlling the amount of PbO present in the PbS films which are suitable for various applications (such as IR sensors).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PbS and PbO Thin Films via E-Beam Evaporation: Morphology, Structure, and Electrical Properties

et al. 2022

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“…However, they endure several challenges, such as the requirement of specic environmental conditions, longer remediation times, and potential sludge generation. [2][3][4][5][6] Additionally, chemical methods, e.g., ozonation, chlorination, or simple application of chemicals to degrade pollutants are oen used. However, these lead to the production of harmful by-products and can be economically and operationally inefficient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic effects of β-NaFeO₂ ferrite nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation, antibacterial, and antioxidant applications

Jabeen,

Khan,

Javaid

et al. 2024

RSC Adv.

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“…Layers of oxide nanotubes on the titanium surface increase the substrateʹs ability to mineralize bone tissue thanks to the developed surface and increased roughness. Oxide nanotubes on titanium and its alloys are most often obtained in fluorine-based electrolytes [6]. Depending on the generation of the oxide nanotubes produced, by changing the current-time parameters and the amount of fluoride ions, nanotubes of various lengths and diameters can be obtained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterization of Oxide Nanotubes on Titanium Surface for Use in Controlled Drug Release Systems

Osak,

Skwarek,

Łukowiec

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Preventing or treating infections at implantation sites where the risk of bacterial contamination is high requires the development of intelligent drug delivery systems. In this work, honeycomb structures as a potential drug carrier were obtained for the first time in a fast, one-step anodization process of titanium grade 4, lasting only 60 seconds. Fourth generation oxide nanotube layers were obtained from an aqueous solution of 0.5% AgNO3 in the voltage range from 50 to 80 at 15(1) °C. The FE-SEM method showed the length of the oxide nanotubes from 1.02(2) µm at 50 V to 230(8) nm at 80 V. The EDS analysis revealed that during anodizing, silver particles are deposited on the Ti G4 up to 2.2(5) wt.%. Electrochemical measurements by open circuit potential and anodic polarization curves methods proved the improvement of in vitro corrosion resistance as a result of Ti G4 anodizing. Assessment of the anodized Ti G4 as gentamicin sulfate carrier carried out using ATR-FTIR and UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy revealed that the obtained oxide nanotube layers can be used for application of drugs directly to the tissue around the implant. This method of application allows full use of the therapeutic dose of the antibiotic used.

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Fluoride-free synthesis of anodic TiO₂ nanotube layers: a promising environmentally friendly method for efficient photocatalysts

Abstract: TiO2 nanotube (TNT) layers are generally prepared in fluoride-based electrolytes via electrochemical anodization that relies on the field-assisted dissolution of Ti metal forming nanoporous/nanotubular structures. However, the usage of fluoride...

Cited by 14 publications

References 49 publications

PbS and PbO Thin Films via E-Beam Evaporation: Morphology, Structure, and Electrical Properties

PbS and PbO Thin Films via E-Beam Evaporation: Morphology, Structure, and Electrical Properties

Synergistic effects of β-NaFeO₂ ferrite nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation, antibacterial, and antioxidant applications

Preparation and Characterization of Oxide Nanotubes on Titanium Surface for Use in Controlled Drug Release Systems

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Fluoride-free synthesis of anodic TiO2 nanotube layers: a promising environmentally friendly method for efficient photocatalysts

Abstract: TiO2 nanotube (TNT) layers are generally prepared in fluoride-based electrolytes via electrochemical anodization that relies on the field-assisted dissolution of Ti metal forming nanoporous/nanotubular structures. However, the usage of fluoride...

Cited by 14 publications

References 49 publications

PbS and PbO Thin Films via E-Beam Evaporation: Morphology, Structure, and Electrical Properties

PbS and PbO Thin Films via E-Beam Evaporation: Morphology, Structure, and Electrical Properties

Synergistic effects of β-NaFeO2 ferrite nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation, antibacterial, and antioxidant applications

Preparation and Characterization of Oxide Nanotubes on Titanium Surface for Use in Controlled Drug Release Systems

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Product

Resources

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Fluoride-free synthesis of anodic TiO₂ nanotube layers: a promising environmentally friendly method for efficient photocatalysts

Synergistic effects of β-NaFeO₂ ferrite nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation, antibacterial, and antioxidant applications