Fluoride in plants colonising fluorspar mine waste in the peak district and weardale

Cooke, J. A.; Johnson, M. S.; Davidson, Adrian W; Bradshaw, A. D.

doi:10.1016/0013-9327(76)90003-3

Cited by 48 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Because acid extractions of soils result in low recoveries of total F because of the presence of nonacid‐labile fluorides [13, 22, 23], fusion techniques are required to accurately measure total soil F [24]. The method of McQuaker and Gurney [25] was employed to decompose the soils by fusion with NaOH followed by F determination using an ion‐selective electrode.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil and vegetation fluoride exposure pathways to cotton rats on a petrochemical‐contaminated landfarm

Schroder

Basta

Rafferty

et al. 1999

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Total fluoride (F) content of soils, vegetation, and cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) was measured on a landfarm contaminated with petrochemical wastes. A potentially bioavailable form of F was determined by HCI extraction of soils and vegetation. Cotton rats from the landfarm were examined for dental lesions indicative of fluorosis. Exposure pathways including dietary ingestion of unwashed vegetation and nondietary ingestion of soil associated with grooming and burrowing were evaluated. Mean bone F (1,515 mg/kg) and mean soil total F (1,954 mg/kg) from the landfarm site were greater than bone F (121 mg/kg) and soil total F (121 mg/kg) at a reference site. The HCI‐extractable F was elevated in landfarm soil (326 mg/kg) compared to the reference site (2.3 mg/kg). About 80% of the cotton rats collected from the landfarm had dental fluorosis. During winter, the dietary pathway consisted of 78.9% of the potential bioavailable exposure (HCI‐extractable F) of the two exposure pathways. However, in the summer, the nondietary pathway consisted of 87.9% of the potential bioavailable exposure of the two pathways. Incidental ingestion of soil associated with grooming and burrowing is more important than consumption of unwashed vegetation for cotton rats on the landfarm site in the summer. Fluoride accumulation in the soil from landfarming of petroleum wastes may pose a risk to terrestrial vertebrates. In addition to monitoring petroleum hydrocarbons, land application of petrochemical wastes should consider F and other inorganic contaminant loadings to the soil system.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil and vegetation fluoride exposure pathways to cotton rats on a petrochemical‐contaminated landfarm

Schroder

Basta

Rafferty

et al. 1999

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…However, very high concentrations of fluorine (up to 1 percent in dry matter) have been reported in plants growing on fluorite-rich spoil (Cooke et al, 1976). Airborne fluorine is extremely phytotoxic and the impact of this form of pollution on plants has been reviewed by Weinstein (1977Weinstein ( , 1983.…”

Section: Plantsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Sources of halogens in the environment, influences on human and animal health

Fuge

1988

Environ Geochem Health

100

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Of the halogens, fluorine has the highest crustal abundance (544 mg/kg) while iodine has the lowest (0.25 mg/kg), however, chlorine is by far the most abundant halogen in the cosmos. The geochemistries of the four naturally occurring halogens have some similarities with fluorine, chlorine and bromine being classified as lithophile elements while iodine is more chalcophile in nature. Bromine and iodine behave in a similar fashion in the secondary environment and could be classified as biophile elements being concentrated in organic matter. Chlorine, bromine and iodine are strongly enriched in the sea while iodine and to a lesser extent bromine are further concentrated in the marine algae.Apart from the occurrence of fluorine in fluorite (CaF2) there are few commonly occurring minerals which contain the halogens as essential constituents. In the igneous environment fluorine and chlorine tend to occupy hydroxyl lattice sites in micas, amphiboles, apatites etc., while in sediments clays can contain appreciable quantities of these elements. Bromine and iodine, however, would be unlikely to fit into the lattice sites of common rock-forming minerals.Bromine, like iodine, is probably volatilised from the marine environment and is carried on to land surfaces. This behaviour of iodine and bromine is reflected in the increased I/CI and Br/CI ratios of surface run-off in continental compared with near coastal environments.Limited information on the soil geochemistry of the halogens suggests that the soil contents of chlorine, bromine and iodine are influenced by proximity to the sea. Soil fluorine, however, is generally dependent on its content in the parent material. In some areas pollutant sources of the halogens contribute appreciably to their concentration in the environment.Iodine and chlorine are essential elements for mammals and fluorine has been shown to have beneficial effects on bone and tooth formation. However, excess quantities of dietary fluorine can be harmful. It is possible, in view of its ubiquitous occurrence in the biosphere, that bromine has a hitherto unknown function in human and animal health.

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“…Whereas it is generally held that the root uptake of soil fluorine is fairly low, it seems likely from the data of Cooke et al (1976) and data presented in this paper that fluorine-contaminated soils give rise to fluorine-rich vegetation. The relatively high levels of fluorine reported in grasses in the vicinity of china-clay tips in Cornwall were from fields being grazed by cattle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…Surface run-off from the areas is also enriched in fluorine while domestic supplies, both mains and spring, are slightly enriched (Table 5). Cooke et al, (1976) found that vegetation growing on tips and railings in the Pennine mining districts contained up to 10,000 mg F/kg. The present authors have found grasses growing in the vicinity of old mine dumps in the north Pennines to exhibit fluorine-enrichment up to 414 mg F/kg (Table 4).…”

Section: The Influence Of Geology On Fluorine Distribution In the Ukmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorine in the UK environment

Fuge¹,

Andrews²

1988

Environ Geochem Health

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Relatively low concentrations of fluorine in drinking water (≤ 1 mg F/l) have been shown to significantly reduce the degree of dental caries in children and fluorine would also appear to have a beneficial effect on bone formation in both humans and farm animals. However, it is apparent that elevated levels of fluorine in the diet have sometimes resulted in problems of increased dental caries and of the development of bone deformities. Much of the fluorine in rocks and soils occurs in apatite and hydroxysilicate minerals, fluorite being the only relatively common rock forming mineral containing fluorine as an essential constituent.Little systematic data are available on fluorine concentrations in soils, plants and natural waters in the UK. General background soil concentrations lie in the range 200 - 400 mg F/kg. For waters the average fluorine content is low, <0.1 mg F/l.In the British Isles there are several areas where there are enhanced levels of fluorine. In the northern Pennines, Derbyshire, northeast Wales and Cornwall, fluorite occurs as a significant component of mineralisation and much fluorine has been added to the environment from mining waste dumps. Soils in northeast Wales contain up to 3,650 mg F/kg and in the northern Pennines up to 20,000 mg F/kg. Waters contain up to 2.3 mg F/l. In southwest England, the granites are generally fluorine-rich with the fluorite granites of the St Austell pluton containing as much as 1 percent fluorine. These rocks are frequently kaolinised and intensively worked as a source of china clay. Soils in the vicinity of the waste tips contain up to 3,300 mg F/kg and grasses up to 2,950 mg F/kg. Surface waters in the St Austell area contain up to 1.25 mg F/l.Atmospheric fluorine pollution around brickworks in the Peterborough and Bedford areas has resulted in fluorosis in farm animals. Other sources of atmospheric fluorine pollution are aluminium smelters, steelworks and fossil fuel burning.

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Fluoride in plants colonising fluorspar mine waste in the peak district and weardale

Cited by 48 publications

References 18 publications

Soil and vegetation fluoride exposure pathways to cotton rats on a petrochemical‐contaminated landfarm

Soil and vegetation fluoride exposure pathways to cotton rats on a petrochemical‐contaminated landfarm

Sources of halogens in the environment, influences on human and animal health

Fluorine in the UK environment

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