Fluoride Intake Through Dental Care Products: A Systematic Review

Saad, H. El Sheikh; Escoube, Raphaëlle; Babajko, Sylvie; Houari, Sophia

doi:10.3389/froh.2022.916372

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Non fluoridated toothpastes were introduced to the country in late 1980′s (1989) (The Sunday Times (Sri Lanka), 2019). It had been shown in a systematic review that toothpaste contributes to around 38% of total fluoride intake regardless of the age of children or fluoride concentration in drinking water (Saad et al., 2022). Recent research in Sri Lanka had, however, found fluoride toothpaste to be not primarily associated with dental fluorosis but fluoride level in drinking water to be the main cause (Jinadasa, 2019).…”

Section: Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoride removal and its impact on oral health in Sri Lanka's dry zone: Discussion and recommendation

Thilakarathne

Schensul

Weeragoda³

et al. 2023

Environmental Quality Mgmt

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Fifty percent of the dry zone areas in Sri Lanka have fluoride levels above 1 ppm. This paper discusses the ground conditions and recommends an appropriate range of fluoride in drinking water which can support preventive practices for improving the oral health of children 8‐years old and younger. In efforts to address the Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown etiology (CKDU), water treatment to reduce contaminant level in potable water has been implemented. Such treatment would also remove fluoride and has resulted in potable water with various fluoride levels, depending on concentrations in the raw water. While it is important to reduce fluoride levels, it is important to have appropriate residual levels for prevention of dental caries. It needs, however, to be noted fluoride in excess can cause dental fluorosis. In Sri Lanka's dry zone areas increasing prevalence of dental fluorosis with decreasing prevalence of dental caries has been noted. Consumption of tea and powdered milk could increase total intake of fluoride. Fluoridated toothpaste, when used properly, may, however, result in negligible intake of fluoride. Sri Lanka's hot tropical climate which results in substantial intake of fluids reinforces the need to consider reduction in water fluoride. Consideration of local studies and international standards indicate fluoride levels should be in the range of 0.225–0.500 ppm. In the range of 0.225–0.500 ppm, the prevalence of dental fluorosis and caries was only 14% and 8%, respectively, in an endemic district. When fluoride levels are above 0.500 ppm, the issue of dental fluorosis shall need to be addressed. When levels are below 0.225 ppm, oral health care services shall need to be directed at preventing dental caries.

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Section: Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoride removal and its impact on oral health in Sri Lanka's dry zone: Discussion and recommendation

Thilakarathne

Schensul

Weeragoda³

et al. 2023

Environmental Quality Mgmt

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“…The natural source of calcium and phosphate is saliva, and research has shown that high saliva calcium levels are strongly correlated with low caries [ 16 , 17 ]. In contrast, agents like fluoride have to be provided from external sources, such as mouthwash, toothpastes or gums [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has also been realized that an external supply of calcium or calcium-phosphate minerals could be delivered with toothpaste to be deposited directly on the enamel surface, thus providing an immediate remineralization effect and also generating high calcium and phosphate concentrations at the tooth surface [ 18 , 19 ]. This led to the development of toothpaste ingredients that could fulfil this role.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomimetic Action of Zinc Hydroxyapatite on Remineralization of Enamel and Dentin: A Review

et al. 2023

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Biomimetic zinc–carbonate hydroxyapatite technology was developed to realize materials that mimic the natural hydroxyapatite of enamel and dentin and possess good activity in terms of affinity to adhere to these biological tissues. The chemical and physical characteristics of this active ingredient allows the hydroxyapatite itself to be particularly similar to dental hydroxyapatite, enhancing the bond between biomimetic hydroxyapatite and dental hydroxyapatite. The aim of this review is to assess the efficacy of this technology in terms of benefits for enamel and dentin and reduction of dental hypersensitivity. Materials and methods: A literature search (Pubmed/MEDLINE and Scopus) of articles from 2003 to 2023 was conducted to analyze studies focused on the use of zinc-hydroxyapatite products. Duplicates were eliminated from the 5065 articles found, leaving 2076 articles. Of these, 30 articles were analyzed based on the use of products with zinc–carbonate hydroxyapatite in these studies. Results: 30 articles were included. Most of the studies showed benefits in terms of remineralization and prevention of enamel demineralization in terms of occlusion of the dentinal tubules and reduction of dentinal hypersensitivity. Conclusion: Oral care products such as toothpaste and mouthwash with biomimetic zinc–carbonate hydroxyapatite were shown to provide benefits according to the aims of this review.

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“…Moreover, Fs play a significant role in oral and skeletal health [3,4]. It is well-known that fluoride (F) ions actively participate in the remineralisation of tooth enamel and inhibit the metabolic activity of cariogenic bacteria of the oral biofilm [4][5][6]. Considering the above-mentioned characteristics, historically, F has been the first attempt in dental practice used for preventive purposes [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Toothpastes, mouth rinses and topical gels have been developed over the years, showing significant results. Thus, the effect of F is primarily achieved through topical application, which is further enhanced when combined with good oral hygiene [5,8]. Low levels of F in plaque and saliva help prevent the demineralisation of healthy enamel and promote the remineralisation of previously demineralised enamel [4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Fluoride Concentration in Commercially Available Bottled Water in Romania—A Potential Risk Factor for Dental Fluorosis

et al. 2023

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Fluoride (F) ions actively participate in the dental enamel remineralisation process and inhibit the activity of cariogenic bacteria of the oral biofilm. However, increased systemic intake of F during critical periods of amelogenesis can lead to dental fluorosis (DF). The necessity of our study stemmed from the growing consumption of bottled water, as water is one of the primary sources of F in humans, and labelling F concentration is optional. Our aim was to evaluate the F concentration in bottled natural mineral or spring still waters available on the market in Iasi, Romania. We purchased forty different brands of still bottled water from the major grocery stores and tested them using an ion-selective electrode method. The reliability of the data was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), while the differences between the obtained and labelled F values were examined using a paired samples t-test. The tested F levels ranged between 0.0338 and 4.6262 milligrams per litter (mg/L). The majority of the samples, around 85% recorded F values ranging from 0.232 to 0.0338 mg/L, offering slight or no benefit in caries prevention. Another 10% of the samples had F values ranging between 0.3 and 0.4 mg/L and could provide a dental health benefit. A percentage of 5% of the tested samples recorded F levels above the optimal level of 0.7 mg/L, as set by the American Dental Association (ADA) and the United States Department of Health and Human Services (U.S. HHS). This elevated F concentration poses a potential risk for DF in infants and toddlers, indicating that regular consumption of these samples may be unsafe.

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Fluoride Intake Through Dental Care Products: A Systematic Review

Cited by 13 publications

References 71 publications

Fluoride removal and its impact on oral health in Sri Lanka's dry zone: Discussion and recommendation

Fluoride removal and its impact on oral health in Sri Lanka's dry zone: Discussion and recommendation

Biomimetic Action of Zinc Hydroxyapatite on Remineralization of Enamel and Dentin: A Review

Evaluation of Fluoride Concentration in Commercially Available Bottled Water in Romania—A Potential Risk Factor for Dental Fluorosis

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