Fluoride related changes in behavioral outcomes may relate to increased serotonin

Lu, Fuxin; Zhang, Yan; Trivedi, Alpa; Jiang, Xianging; Chandra, Dave; Zheng, Jian; Nakano, Yukiko; Uyghurturk, Dawud Abduweli; Jalai, Rozita; Onur, Şirin Güner; Menteş, Ali; DenBesten, Pamela

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.02.017

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The results confirmed the enzymatic mechanism for melatonin deficit in ASD in the pineal gland as well as in the gut and platelets of patients [45]. In a cohort of children drinking water containing 2.5 ppm F, serum serotonin was also increased as compared to controls [46].…”

Section: Fluoride-induced Asd Symptomssupporting

confidence: 66%

Chronic Fluoride Exposure and the Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Strunecká

Strunecký

2019

IJERPH

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The continuous rise of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) prevalent in the past few decades is causing an increase in public health and socioeconomic concern. A consensus suggests the involvement of both genetic and environmental factors in the ASD etiopathogenesis. Fluoride (F) is rarely recognized among the environmental risk factors of ASD, since the neurotoxic effects of F are not generally accepted. Our review aims to provide evidence of F neurotoxicity. We assess the risk of chronic F exposure in the ASD etiopathology and investigate the role of metabolic and mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation, immunoexcitotoxicity, and decreased melatonin levels. These symptoms have been observed both after chronic F exposure as well as in ASD. Moreover, we show that F in synergistic interactions with aluminum’s free metal cation (Al3+) can reinforce the pathological symptoms of ASD. This reinforcement takes place at concentrations several times lower than when acting alone. A high ASD prevalence has been reported from countries with water fluoridation as well as from endemic fluorosis areas. We suggest focusing the ASD prevention on the reduction of the F and Al3+ burdens from daily life.

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Section: Fluoride-induced Asd Symptomssupporting

confidence: 66%

Chronic Fluoride Exposure and the Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Strunecká

Strunecký

2019

IJERPH

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“…Over time, fluoride-exposed mice may exhibit increased serotonin levels compared to non-exposed mice. Mice that have been exposed to fluoride have been shown to exhibit increased serotonin and brain fluoride levels at multiple time points following the exposure [ 46 ]. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) is a neurotransmitter that when present in the brain at inadequate levels, is heavily implicated in the development of depression and anxiety [ 47 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the impact of this chemical on mental health has been studied less widely. Various research studies have looked at depression, anxiety, and stress in rats and mice due to fluoride exposure [ 39 , 40 , 42 , 44 , 45 , 46 ]. However, there is currently only one human-based study [ 38 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Fluoride Neurotoxicity and Mitochondrial Dysfunction on Cognition and Mental Health: A Literature Review

Adkins

Brunst

2021

IJERPH

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This review focuses on the synthesis of current experimental and observational data regarding the effect of fluoride exposure on childhood mental health and the role of mitochondrial function as a mechanism of action. We aggregated data on the relationships between fluoride neurotoxicity, mitochondrial function, and cognitive and mental health using PubMed. Current animal and human research suggest that prenatal and perinatal fluoride exposure might have neurotoxic effects. These studies observed physical changes (fur loss and delayed reflex development in animals), intelligence loss, increased hyperactivity, and irregular moods associated with fluoride exposure. Two gaps in the literature were identified: (1) there is limited research on the mental and emotional impacts of fluoride exposure compared to research on cognitive outcomes, and (2) human studies primarily focus on prenatal and perinatal exposure, with little research conducted at other time points (e.g., adolescence). Furthermore, there is no agreed-upon mechanism for the neurotoxic effects of fluoride; however, fluoride can induce mitochondrial damage, including decreasing circulating mitochondrial DNA content, dysregulating biogenesis, and circular structure loss. Additionally, many neurodevelopmental conditions have mitochondrial underpinnings. More work is needed to elucidate the impact and timing of fluoride exposure on mental health and the role of mitochondrial function as a biological mechanism

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“…[127,128]. Serum serotonin was also increased in a cohort of healthy children drinking water containing 2.5 ppm fluoride, as compared to controls [102,129].…”

Section: Sleepmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Insomnia and sleep disorders occur in 50-80% of ASD patients [125,126]. The disruption of the serotonin-N-acetyl serotonin-melatonin pathway has been found in a group of 278 patients with ASD [127][128][129]. Pagan et al suggested the levels of plasma melatonin, whole-blood serotonin, and platelet N-acetyl serotonin as biomarkers for ASD.…”

Section: Sleepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Fluoride Toxicity: From Enzymes to Underlying Integrative Networks

Strunecká

Strunecký

2020

Applied Sciences

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Fluoride has been employed in laboratory investigations since the early 20th century. These studies opened the understanding of fluoride interventions to fundamental biological processes. Millions of people living in endemic fluorosis areas suffer from various pathological disturbances. The practice of community water fluoridation used prophylactically against dental caries increased concern of adverse fluoride effects. We assessed the publications on fluoride toxicity until June 2020. We present evidence that fluoride is an enzymatic poison, inducing oxidative stress, hormonal disruptions, and neurotoxicity. Fluoride in synergy with aluminum acts as a false signal in G protein cascades of hormonal and neuronal regulations in much lower concentrations than fluoride acting alone. Our review shows the impact of fluoride on human health. We suggest focusing the research on fluoride toxicity to the underlying integrative networks. Ignorance of the pluripotent toxic effects of fluoride might contribute to unexpected epidemics in the future.

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Fluoride related changes in behavioral outcomes may relate to increased serotonin

Cited by 13 publications

References 33 publications

Chronic Fluoride Exposure and the Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Chronic Fluoride Exposure and the Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Impacts of Fluoride Neurotoxicity and Mitochondrial Dysfunction on Cognition and Mental Health: A Literature Review

Mechanisms of Fluoride Toxicity: From Enzymes to Underlying Integrative Networks

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