Fluoride, Thyroid Hormone Derangements and its Correlation with Tooth Eruption Pattern Among the Pediatric Population from Endemic and Non-endemic Fluorosis Areas

Kumar, Vijay; Chahar, Puneet; S, Kajjari; Rahman, Faizia; Dk, Bansal; Jm, Kapadia

doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2458

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Conversely, there is evidence that fluoride may cause thyroid dysfunction [39]. Specifically, experimental studies in animals and observational studies in humans have reported alterations in thyroid hormone levels (e.g., T4, T3) and/or an increase in thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in individuals consuming fluoridated water [40,41,42]. Increases in TSH thus could promote the growth of latent TCs [43,44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Cancer Incidence Rates in North Dakota are Associated with Land and Water Use

Schwartz

Klug

2019

IJERPH

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Objective: The increasing rate of thyroid cancer diagnoses in the U.S. reflects the increasing use of ultrasonography and of specialist medical care. North Dakota is a rural state with limited access to specialist care, yet its incidence of thyroid cancer is significantly greater than that of the U.S. overall. We sought to identify factors responsible for the high incidence of thyroid cancer in North Dakota. Methods: We examined county-specific incidence rates for thyroid cancer in North Dakota in relation to demographic and geographic factors, including median household income, percent of land fertilized, cattle density per capita, and source of drinking water (city or well water), using structural equation modeling. We included county level data on residential radon levels and estimates of radioactive iodine in milk following nuclear weapons testing in the 1950s. Results: Thyroid cancer incidence rates were significantly associated with median income (p < 0.05); percent of land fertilized (p < 0.05); the use of city water (p < 0.01), and cattle density per capita (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The risk of thyroid cancer in North Dakota is positively associated with income and with factors related to land and water use. Our finding that thyroid cancer incidence rates are associated with the use of city water was unexpected and merits examination in other locations with a mix of city and well water use.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Cancer Incidence Rates in North Dakota are Associated with Land and Water Use

Schwartz

Klug

2019

IJERPH

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“…Even though fluoride may be an effective prophylactic against caries, particularly in children ( USDHHS, 2015 ), increased fluoride exposures may also contribute to long-term deleterious effects, such as fluorosis ( Holt et al, 1994 ; Tavener et al, 2006 ; Wong et al, 2010 ), DNA methylation changes ( Wang et al, 2021 ), or neurological effects ( Ding and Yanhui-Gao, 2011 ; Xu et al, 2020 ; Yu et al, 2018 ; Wang et al, 2007 ; Malin and Till, 2015 ; Bashash et al, 2017 ; Choi et al, 2012 ), as shown in previous cross-sectional studies, prospective studies, and clinical trials ( Holt et al, 1994 ; Tavener et al, 2006 ; Wong et al, 2010 ; Wang et al, 2021 ; Ding and YanhuiGao, 2011 ; Xu et al, 2020 ; Yu et al, 2018 ; Wang et al, 2007 ; Malin and Till, 2015 ; Bashash et al, 2017 ; Choi et al, 2012 ). Similar effects have also been observed in experimental studies in animals, and, to a lesser extent, in epidemiological studies in adults, including fluorosis ( Everett, 2011 ), bone fractures ( Li et al, 2001 ), carcinogenicity ( Bucher et al, 1991 ), high blood pressure ( Yousefi et al, 2018 ), liver function ( Lu et al, 2017 ; Wang et al, 2019 ; Shanthakumari et al, 2004 ; Guo et al, 2003 ; Chattopadhyay et al, 2011 ; de Camargo and Merzel, 1980 ; Chen et al, 2013 ), insulin and glucose metabolism impairment ( Itai et al, 2021 ; Trivedi et al, 1993 ), or endocrine sex-steroid and thyroid hormone disruption ( Basha et al, 2011 ; Shoback and McGhee, 1988 ; Chen et al, 1988 ; Puranik et al, 2015 ; Skórka-Majewicz et al, 2020 ; Thippeswamy et al, 2021 ; Kumar et al, 2018 ; Kheradpisheh et al, 2018 ; Ortiz-Pérez et al, 2003 ; Ma et al, 2017 ; Zhou et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal associations between early-life fluoride exposures and cardiometabolic outcomes in school-aged children

India Aldana,

Colicino,

Cantoral Preciado

et al. 2024

Environment International

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“…to alter metabolism in levels as low as 0.5 mg/L in children (Chaluvadi et al, 2019). Recent studies have linked fluoride to altered collagen metabolism (Gupta, Dey, Swarup, & Saini, 2013) and therefore this may be a factor in the disruption of tooth emergence (Kumar et al, 2018). Further studies are required to investigate this phenomenon further.…”

Section: Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

The oral health burden of rural paediatric populations exposed to differing concentrations of naturally occurring fluoride in Vanuatu

Webb¹

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The Melanesian island nation of Vanuatu sits on the Pacific Ring of Fire and hosts six active volcanoes, including Ambrym volcano, which is a globally significant point source of volcanic emissions. These emissions contaminate multiple rural island environments with fluoride, including community drinking-waters at variable levels. Fluoride is described as the most potent agent influencing mineralization processes on developing and erupted tooth enamel, with drinking- water concentrations up to 1.0 mg/L of fluoride known to prevent and control dental caries. However, while some fluoride exposure is considered beneficial to oral health, consistent exposure at elevated levels is detrimental, causing irreversible dental fluorosis. In this project, the association between volcanogenic fluoride from Ambrym volcano and the oral health burden of 1026 rural children was investigated, in three study areas along a gradient of assumed exposure to Ambrym’s volcanic plume with a further area investigated which had no exposure to volcanic emissions. Dental caries rates and levels of dental fluorosis are described for these children for both the permanent and primary dentitions. Timings of the emergence and sequencing of permanent teeth for these Melanesian children are detailed for the first time. Children also reported their toothbrushing habits and levels of oral pain, detailing these in questionnaires offered in their native language of Bislama, to help inform future public health initiatives. Finally, this project also investigated whether there are other important natural sources of fluoride to community drinking-waters. It measures and maps, for the first time, highly variable fluoride concentrations in diverse community drinking-water sources on Vanuatu’s volcanically active Tanna Island. Fluoride concentrations in drinking waters ranged from less than 0.05 mg/L on remote Aneityum Island in the south of the archipelago to 4.6 mg/L in groundwaters, on the western coast of Tanna Island. Permanent tooth emergence was up to 1.2 years earlier for ni-Vanuatu children than for their Pacific peers. The mean age for first mandibular permanent molars emergence was 4.9 years of age for girls and 5.3 years of age for boys. The lowest prevalence of dental caries for both permanent and primary dentitions was associated with fluoride concentrations in community drinking-waters averaging 0.59 mg/L. No teeth presented as restored or extracted in either dentition, revealing unmet need. Self-reported oral pain prevalence was high: 21% across the whole cohort, and 43% for children of Aneityum. Although children in this cohort had access to health professionals, oral health services and equipment were not available at any location. This work highlights the need for substantial investment in health facilities to address the oral health needs of children living in Vanuatu. Prevention strategies such as molar fissure protection should target children as early as four years of age to assist with tooth preservation for the permanent dentition. Where fluoride is only present at very low concentrations (<0.05 mg/L F) in community drinking-waters, use of fluoride toothpastes might be encouraged alongside community toothbrushing programmes. It is likely that that the drinking-water standard of 1.5 mg/L F is too high for Vanuatu with dental fluorosis seen at lower levels. Where fluoride in community drinking-waters is above the World Health Organization recommendation for tropical climates (0.8 mg/L F), alternative water supplies are urgently recommended for children during the development of their permanent dentition to prevent dental fluorosis.

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Fluoride, Thyroid Hormone Derangements and its Correlation with Tooth Eruption Pattern Among the Pediatric Population from Endemic and Non-endemic Fluorosis Areas

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

Thyroid Cancer Incidence Rates in North Dakota are Associated with Land and Water Use

Thyroid Cancer Incidence Rates in North Dakota are Associated with Land and Water Use

Longitudinal associations between early-life fluoride exposures and cardiometabolic outcomes in school-aged children

The oral health burden of rural paediatric populations exposed to differing concentrations of naturally occurring fluoride in Vanuatu

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