Fluoride Toxicity in Animals

Ranjan, Rakesh; Ranjan, Amita

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-17512-6

Cited by 43 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…While F-rich gases impact the whole environment in volcanic regions, the major concern regarding volcanogenic F is its impact on drinking waters and the deposition of F-containing ash on plants and soils in the vicinity of the eruption, the major pathway into the biosphere being via impacted waters and crops etc (D'Alessandro, 2006;Ranjan and Ranjan, 2015). Fluorine in volcanic ash is solubilised in the digestive systems of grazing animals and there are many examples of grazing animals developing chronic fluorosis as a result of ingestion of F-rich ash with both domestic and wild animals being affected (Cronin et al, 2003;Weinstein et al, 2013;Ranjan and Ranjan, 2015). Severe dental fluorosis has been recorded in juvenile red deer following an eruption of the Puyehue-Cordon Caulle volcano, Argentina, in 2011 (Flueck and Smith-Flueck, 2013).…”

Section: Vulcanicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorine in the environment, a review of its sources and geochemistry

Fuge

2019

Applied Geochemistry

163

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While F is an essential constituent of some rock-forming minerals such as fluorite and apatite, its major occurrence in the lithosphere is within hydroxysilicate minerals where Foccupies OHlattice sites. The majority of the F occurring in the secondary environment derives from natural weathering processes with some soils derived from F-rich parent rocks containing over 1weight (wt) % F. Other natural sources of F are vulcanicity, wind-blown dust and a minor marine-derived component, with biomass burning, being in part natural, also a source. Several anthropogenic sources of environmental F have also been identified. Of the anthropogenic sources, the application of phosphate fertiliser, which probably adds over 2.3 Mt a-1 F to soils globally, represents the largest. While much of this is strongly retained in soils, some may be transferred to groundwater. In some abandoned mine sites in the UK where fluorite was associated with the mineralisation, soil F contents of up to 8 wt % have been recorded with plants growing on the sites containing up to 1wt % F. The rapid growth of urban areas in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh has resulted in an upsurge of brickmaking in Asia, with these 3 countries plus China accounting for over 75% of global brick production. As a result there is a large number of unregulated brick kilns which emit HF into the surrounding environment. Based on an annual global brick production of 1,500 billion and the F contents of brick clays, it is estimated that about 1.8 Mt a-1 F are released to the environment from brick manufacture. This suggests that brickmaking is the largest source of atmospheric F emissions dwarfing that of coal combustion, 0.2-0.3 Mt a-1 , phosphate fertiliser production, 0.07-0.10 Mt a-1 , aluminium smelting, 0.041 Mt a-1 , and even vulcanicity, 0.3-0.7 Mt a-1. However, it is apparent that atmospheric F emissions are not transported globally and as such their effects are manifested only in the local environment. Emissions from industry sited close to urban centres can impact these environments together with domestic coal combustion and the release of F from high octane fuels in motor vehicles. A more recent source of F in the environment stems from the large number of fluorocarbon compounds in everyday use. Degradation of some of these fluorocarbon compounds together with pyrolysis of fluoropolymers and burning of household refuse has resulted in the deposition of organofluorine compounds such trifluoroacetic acid in the environment.

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Section: Vulcanicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorine in the environment, a review of its sources and geochemistry

Fuge

2019

Applied Geochemistry

163

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“…[ 1 2 3 ] The chronic toxic effect of excessive intake of fluoride has also been documented to include skeletal fluorosis, neurological manifestations such as lowering of the intelligence quotient (IQ), gastrointestinal tract (GIT) dyspeptic symptoms, and urinary tract malfunctioning. [ 4 5 6 ] These symptoms, unlike DF, have been noted mostly at higher concentrations of fluoride ranging from 2 mg/L for low IQ in children, 3.2 mg/L for GIT symptoms, 8 mg/L for renal symptoms, and 10 mg/L for crippling skeletal fluorosis. [ 4 5 6 ] Among all these, DF is the most common unwanted effect of chronic exposure to fluoride, and the importance of this condition is its role as the earliest indicator of excessive fluoride exposure in a population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 4 5 6 ] These symptoms, unlike DF, have been noted mostly at higher concentrations of fluoride ranging from 2 mg/L for low IQ in children, 3.2 mg/L for GIT symptoms, 8 mg/L for renal symptoms, and 10 mg/L for crippling skeletal fluorosis. [ 4 5 6 ] Among all these, DF is the most common unwanted effect of chronic exposure to fluoride, and the importance of this condition is its role as the earliest indicator of excessive fluoride exposure in a population. [ 7 ] Unlike the other chronic toxic effects, DF becomes evident in the population at consumption concentrations above 1.5 mg/L.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, severity, and request for treatment of dental fluorosis among adults in an endemic region of Northern Nigeria

Idon

Enabulele

2018

Eur J Dent

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Objectives:The objective was to assess the prevalence of all forms of dental fluorosis (DF), the severity, and the request for treatment as a measure of the burden of the condition among adult patients seen at a tertiary health facility in an endemic region of Northeastern Nigeria.Materials and Methods:This was a cross-sectional study that collected required information using a questionnaire from adult dental patients followed by dental examination to assess for DF.Statistical Analysis Used:Associations between sociodemographic distributions (age and gender) and prevalence were analyzed on the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences using the Chi-square test. Analysis was done at 95% confidence interval and the level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.Results:Three hundred and twelve patients (41.7%) were diagnosed with DF among the patients who resided in the endemic region with a calculated Community Fluorosis Index of 0.62. The mean age of the affected patients was 33.8 ± 9.2 years, with a majority of the patients in the 16–25 (47.4%) years' age group and a preponderance among females (P = 0.003). A greater proportion of the 312 diagnosed patients, 201 (64.3%), had fluorosis of esthetic concern, while only 9.3% sought treatment. Most of these patients that sought treatment had the severe form of the enamel defect.Conclusions:DF should be considered as a condition of public health importance in this region. It is necessary to conduct a community-based study and fluoride mapping of the northeastern region as well to determine other factors that may contribute to its occurrence in this population.

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“…There currently exists no evidence to suggest that fluorine is an essential element for animals and humans (Ranjan & Ranjan, 2015).…”

Section: Effects Of Fluoride On Animals and Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

The eruption of the Laacher See volcano (~13,000 years BP) and possible fluoride poisoning amongst contemporaneous wildlife and human foragers—Outline of a hypothesis and the way to test it

Riede

Kierdorf

2020

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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At about 13,000 calendar years before present (BP) the Laacher See volcano, located in present-day western Germany, erupted catastrophically. It has been argued that this eruption and its attendant ash fallout played a causal role in the demographic and cultural change documented archaeologically amongst contemporaneous human hunter-gatherer populations in northern Europe. The population displacement and subsequent changes in material culture are clearly visible in the archaeological record, especially in southern Scandinavia. A particular challenge to this scenario is the apparently paradoxical proposition that the effects of the Laacher See volcanic eruption became more pronounced with distance from the volcano itself. There are, however, several documented detrimental health effects of volcanic eruptions that, owing to the physical properties of the ash fallout, actually do become more severe with distance from the eruptive centre. Volcanic eruptions introduce large amounts of chemicals into the atmosphere and deposit these, via ash fallout, in the environment. Here, we explore the hypothesis that the deposition of tephra with a high fluoride content contributed to making the landscapes affected by Laacher See ash fallout unsuitable for wildlife and humans. We briefly describe the possible fate of the fluoride released by the Laacher See volcanic eruption and its potential effects on northern European ecosystems with particular attention to impact pathways from wildlife to humans and to humans directly. Finally, we outline possible avenues of empirically investigating fluoride toxicosis in wildlife, especially large mammalian herbivores, following this volcanic event.

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Fluoride Toxicity in Animals

Cited by 43 publications

References 85 publications

Fluorine in the environment, a review of its sources and geochemistry

Fluorine in the environment, a review of its sources and geochemistry

Prevalence, severity, and request for treatment of dental fluorosis among adults in an endemic region of Northern Nigeria

The eruption of the Laacher See volcano (~13,000 years BP) and possible fluoride poisoning amongst contemporaneous wildlife and human foragers—Outline of a hypothesis and the way to test it

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