Fluorinated surfactants in blood

Kissa, Erik

doi:10.1016/0022-1139(93)02904-s

Cited by 85 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Due to its particular nature, carbon-uorine bond is highly resistant to biochemical degradation [4] and advanced oxidation processes [5]. Fluorinated surfactants can be incinerated at high temperature in halogen resistant incinerators, but water incineration is not economically acceptable hence these surfactants have to be extracted from the water by physico-chemical processes, concentrated and then sent to incineration.…”

Section: Treatment Processes For Water Containing Uorinated Surfactantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purification of firefighting water containing a fluorinated surfactant by reverse osmosis coupled to electrocoagulation–filtration

Baudequin

Couallier

Rakib

et al. 2011

Separation and Purification Technology

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Extinguishments of large scale solvent res produce large amounts of water that may contain various uorinated surfactants depending on the type of re ghting foam used. Due to their chemical nature, uorinated parts of uorinated compounds are highly resistant to biochemical and advanced oxidation processes. Therefore the current treatment for the degradation of uorinated surfactant from water used in re extinguishment is high temperature incineration of the water in halogen resistant incinerators. This paper aims to propose a process for purifying re ghting water containing uorinated surfactants.Pilot re ghting waters resulting from heptane re extinguishment with reghting foam containing a uorinated surfactant were produced. Suspended matter was estimated on the basis of turbidity measurement and uorinated not suitable for direct membrane processes because of high fouling, hence electrocoagulation and ltration were required. Electrocoagulation with aluminium electrodes at a charge loading of 600 C L −1 followed by ltration were found su cient to remove turbidity from pilot re ghting waters. Fluorinated surfactant removal was 71 77% and was not signi cantly increased by higher charge loading. Floc separation in bulk solution was achieved by ltration. Reverse osmosis of pretreated pilot re ghting water and concentrated model solutions of pretreated re ghting water were studied and though ux decline was observed, measured retention rates were 99.94 99.97%, with permeate concentrations down to 10 16 µg L −1 of uorinated surfactant at the laboratory scale. The concentrate from reverse osmosis could be recycled in electrocoagulation-ltration. Experimental results indicated that electrocoagulation and ltration followed by reverse osmosis e ciently treated the water from re extinguishment, which enables a further scale-up work.

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Section: Treatment Processes For Water Containing Uorinated Surfactantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purification of firefighting water containing a fluorinated surfactant by reverse osmosis coupled to electrocoagulation–filtration

Baudequin

Couallier

Rakib

et al. 2011

Separation and Purification Technology

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“…Examples include water-, soil-, and stain-resistant coatings for fabrics, oil-resistant coatings for paper products, fire fighting foams, paints, and floor polishes (28)(29)(30). Moreover, PFOA and other PFCAs are used as processing aids in production of fluoropolymers like polytetrafluoroethylene (31).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor Contamination with Hexabromocyclododecanes, Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers, and Perfluoroalkyl Compounds: An Important Exposure Pathway for People?

Harrad

Wit

Abdallah

et al. 2010

Environ. Sci. Technol.

277

159

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This review underlines the importance of indoor contamination as a pathway of human exposure to hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and perfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs). There is ample evidence of substantial contamination of indoor dust with these chemicals and that their concentrations in indoor air exceed substantially those outdoors. Studies examining the relationship between body burden and exposure via indoor dust are inconsistent; while some indicate a link between body burdens and PBDE and HBCD exposure via dust ingestion, others find no correlation. Likewise, while concentrations in indoor dust and human tissues are both highly skewed, this does not necessarily imply causality. Evidence suggests exposure via dust ingestion is higher for toddlers than adults. Research priorities include identifying means of reducing indoor concentrations and indoor monitoring methods that provide the most “biologically-relevant” measures of exposure as well as monitoring a wider range of microenvironment categories. Other gaps include studies to improve understanding of the following: emission rates and mechanisms via which these contaminants migrate from products into indoor air and dust; relationships between indoor exposures and human body burdens; relevant physicochemical properties; the gastrointestinal uptake by humans of these chemicals from indoor dust; and human dust ingestion rates.

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“…However, the mixture CMC of fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon surfactants can be much larger than that predicted by the method using the law of ideal solution. [2] Then regular solution model can be used to simulate the CMC of such a nonideal mixtures. [3] The variation of mixture CMC for many systems were simulated by the regular solution model using only the CMC of pure components and the interaction parameter.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Aqueous Solution Properties of Pyridinium-Type Perfluorinated Surfactants and Simulation of Mixture CMC

Asakawa

Ishikawa²,

Miyagishi³

2001

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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Fluorinated surfactants in blood

Cited by 85 publications

References 9 publications

Purification of firefighting water containing a fluorinated surfactant by reverse osmosis coupled to electrocoagulation–filtration

Purification of firefighting water containing a fluorinated surfactant by reverse osmosis coupled to electrocoagulation–filtration

Indoor Contamination with Hexabromocyclododecanes, Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers, and Perfluoroalkyl Compounds: An Important Exposure Pathway for People?

Aqueous Solution Properties of Pyridinium-Type Perfluorinated Surfactants and Simulation of Mixture CMC

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