Transient
liquid-assisted growth (TLAG) is a non-equilibrium ultrafast
method to grow YBa2Cu3O7–x
(YBCO) superconducting films at up to 100 nm/s using
chemical solution deposition. In this work, we study the formation
of non-equilibrium crystalline intermediate phases prior to the growth
of YBCO through TLAG. We analyze the thermal decomposition and microstructural
evolution of a propionate-based fluorine-free solution used as precursor
to YBCO epitaxial films. Thermal analyses (TGA, DSC), coupled with
techniques to monitor the volatiles (TG-IR), were applied in situ
during film pyrolysis in humid O2, while the thermal evolution
of the solid residue was characterized by infrared spectroscopy and
X-ray diffraction, both ex situ and in situ in synchrotron radiation
sources, and by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and
electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) cross-sectional analysis.
Unexpected effects, observed during the decomposition of the ternary
solution, are the formation of intermediate non-equilibrium phases:
Cu2O or Cu(0) and monoclinic BaCO3. We emphasize
that working with anhydrous solutions and anhydrous deposition conditions
promotes the formation of the expected equilibrium phases. Finally,
in situ X-ray diffraction permits monitoring the influence of the
non-equilibrium monoclinic BaCO3 phase on the formation
of binary oxide phases, precursors of TLAG YBCO film growth. Understanding
the evolution of non-equilibrium phases is shown to be fundamental
for the control of the final YBCO film’s microstructure and
performance, since the latter are strongly affected by the film’s
thermal history after solution deposition.