Fluorine generation by gamma radiolysis of a fluoride salt mixture

Toth, L.M.; Felker, L. K.

doi:10.1080/10420159008213046

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…According to reports in the literature, the escape of chloride species (including chlorine gas) from the salt particle is a very inefficient process and depends on the physical properties of the salt itself. These yields are consistent with the model for fluorine-gas generation in MSRE, where researchers have experimentally determined a radiation damage limit of 2% in fluoride salts (Notz 1988, Toth and Felker 1990, Williams et al 1996). …”

Section: Predicted Radiation Damage and Mechanisms For Gas Generationsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…However, the quantities of materials (salts and radionuclides) and the total thermal output caused by various radiation sources in actual MSRE containers are several orders of magnitude higher. Furthermore, fluorine gas generation and recombination rates were controlled by the concentration of defects within the salt lattice itself, instead of by the conditions external to the crystal lattice, as is the case of storage of PuO 2 and alkali-halide mixtures (Toth and Felker 1990). …”

Section: Molten Salt Reactor Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This determination was based on the amount of fluorine gas released (Notz 1988, Toth andFelker 1990). At this point, the rate of fluorine gas recombination with the active metal centers was equal to the fluorine generation.…”

Section: Molten Salt Reactor Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The models for generating gas for MSRE are based on laboratory experiments for powdered fluoride salts that have been exposed to large doses of γ radiation; these experiments suggest 2Êmol % as the maximum limit of damage to crystalline material (Notz 1988, Toth and Felker 1990, Williams et al 1996. This determination was based on the amount of fluorine gas released (Notz 1988, Toth andFelker 1990).…”

Section: Molten Salt Reactor Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The recombination reactions are expected to take place irrespective of the chlorine gas accumulating within the lattice or escaping to the confinements of a containment vessel (Toth and Felker 1990). …”

Section: Predicted Radiation Damage and Mechanisms For Gas Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Radiolysis of Salts and Long-Term Storage Issues for Both Pure and Impure PuO{sub 2} Materials in Plutonium Storage Containers

Tandon¹

2000

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Section: Predicted Radiation Damage and Mechanisms For Gas Generationsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Molten Salt Reactor Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Molten Salt Reactor Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Molten Salt Reactor Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Predicted Radiation Damage and Mechanisms For Gas Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Radiolysis of Salts and Long-Term Storage Issues for Both Pure and Impure PuO{sub 2} Materials in Plutonium Storage Containers

Tandon¹

2000

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X‐ray‐induced alteration of specimens as crucial obstacle in XRF spectrometry of fluorine in rocks and soils

Pleßow

2012

X-Ray Spectrometry

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Occasionally suggested yet rarely performed X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry of fluorine seems to fail systematically in yielding reliable quantitative results for rocks and soils. Repeated analyses reveal continuously drifting fluorescence intensities for fluorine, boron and chlorine. Typically, an increase, but in few cases also a decrease, over X-ray exposure time is observed. For instance, fluorine concentrations in a soil standard appear to increase steadily from below the detection limit in the first run to nearly 850 mg/kg F more than 10 h later in the last. In contrast, cryolite is characterised by drastically decreasing intensities for fluorine. Although fluorescence intensities may be affected by preparation methods, specimen surface conditions and dynamic contamination, it is shown that none of these influencing factors is responsible for the observed trends. In fact, there is evidence that X-radiation impact mobilises fluorine, boron and chlorine. Diffusion of radiolysis products towards the specimen's surface as well as the kinetics of adsorption and desorption or chemical reactions are believed to control the analyte concentration in the analysed layer decisively. Furthermore, during analysis, the latter is altered by considerable losses of binder or fluxif applicable thus enhancing XRF intensities of boron and fluorine because of reduced absorption. In any case, signal stability appears to be limited by insufficient sample and specimen stability. It is concluded that for many soil and rock samples, XRF spectrometry is inappropriate to quantify fluorine, although the crucial obstacle is neither the analytical method nor the spectrometer sensu strictu.

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Salt cleanup and waste solidification for fission and fusion reactors

Zohuri¹

2021

Molten Salt Reactors and Integrated Molten Salt Reactors

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Fluorine generation by gamma radiolysis of a fluoride salt mixture

Cited by 22 publications

References 6 publications

Radiolysis of Salts and Long-Term Storage Issues for Both Pure and Impure PuO{sub 2} Materials in Plutonium Storage Containers

Radiolysis of Salts and Long-Term Storage Issues for Both Pure and Impure PuO{sub 2} Materials in Plutonium Storage Containers

X‐ray‐induced alteration of specimens as crucial obstacle in XRF spectrometry of fluorine in rocks and soils

Salt cleanup and waste solidification for fission and fusion reactors

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