Fluorite as indicator mineral in iron oxide-copper-gold systems: explaining the IOCG deposit diversity

Schlegel, Tobias U.; Wagner, Thomas; Fußwinkel, Tobias

doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2020.119674

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Regarding rare earth elements, as early as the last century, some scholars have studied apatite and other minerals in this type of deposit [77][78][79], but detailed research has been conducted in the past 15 years, particularly regarding early potassic, sodium, and calcification [80][81][82][83][84]. The early layered ore is rich in light rare earth elements, and the slope is very high [85][86][87][88][89], which differs from the slight light rare earth enrichment mode of the hydrothermal stacking device investigated in this study. The δEu anomalies in the different alteration zones during the hydrothermal superposition period could reflect different redox conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Hydrothermal Superposition Period: Mineralization–Alteration Zoning Model and Zoning Mechanism of the Dahongshan Fe-Cu Deposit in Yunnan Province

Mao,

Han,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Minerals

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The Dahongshan large-scale iron (Fe)–copper (Cu) polymetallic deposit is in the Proterozoic metallogenic domain on the western margin of the Yangtze Block. It is a typical representative of Fe-Cu polymetallic composite mineralization in the Kangdian area. The deposit comprises a group of layered orebodies formed by volcanic exhalation sedimentation and metamorphism, and a group of vein-like orebodies formed by hydrothermal superposition. The large-scale mapping of altered lithofacies in the deposit has resolved issues of weak links and unclear mineralization and alteration zoning of hydrothermal superimposed deposits within the study area. The mineralization type, hydrothermal alteration type and intensity, mineral assemblage, and mineral structure of the vein-type Cu polymetallic deposits during the hydrothermal superposition period are meticulously analyzed and studied. Finally, the zoning relationships of vein orebodies (mineralization) are summarized. On the basis of the results of the study of the distribution pattern of this mineral body, a mineralization alteration zoning model of the hydrothermal superposition period is constructed. The results show that the alteration is primarily silicification, carbonation, and chloritization, and the mineralization is chalcopyrite, bornite, chalcocite, and pyrite. The Dibadu anticline and the cutting layer faults and fractures strictly control the hydrothermal alteration zoning. The mineralization alteration zoning from the core to the flank is divided into coarse vein zone (I) → stockwork zone (II) → veinlet zone (III). The corresponding mineral assemblages are quartz–calcite–chalcocite–bornite–(native copper) (I) → calcite–dolomite–quartz–bornite–chalcopyrite–chlorite (II) → dolomite–quartz–chalcopyrite–(pyrite) (III), where the stockwork zone has the most substantial mineralization. The mineral assemblages of each alteration zone, the characteristics of rare earth elements of typical samples, and the test results on the fluid inclusions confirm that pH and Eh primarily control the zoning mechanism. This study has significance for deepening the understanding of the composite metallogenic system, guiding deep and peripheral prospecting, and providing significant enlightenment for the study of this type of deposit.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Hydrothermal Superposition Period: Mineralization–Alteration Zoning Model and Zoning Mechanism of the Dahongshan Fe-Cu Deposit in Yunnan Province

Mao,

Han,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Minerals

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“…2019) and the variety of fluid origin in iron oxide‐copper‐gold ore deposits revealed by REE signatures in fluorite (Schlegel et al . 2020).…”

Section: Overview Of Icp‐ms Methods For Ree Quantification In Geological Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LA-ICP-MS determinations of REEs have already been performed successfully to tackle a range of scientific issues. These include the abundance and fractionation of the REEs in natural minerals and fluid inclusions (Leisen 2011), the genesis of uranium deposits (Mercadier et al 2011, Lach et al 2013, geochronometric dating of rocks and minerals using the radioactive REE isotopes 138 La, 147 Sm and 176 Lu (Sindern 2017), the mineralogy of REEs in coal fly ash (Thompson et al 2018), the partial resetting of U-Th-Pb geochronometers during monazite recrystallisation (Grand '-Homme et al 2018), the adsorption of REEs on aluminium and iron (oxy)-hydroxides in bauxites (Mondillo et al 2019) and the variety of fluid origin in iron oxide-copper-gold ore deposits revealed by REE signatures in fluorite (Schlegel et al 2020).…”

Section: La-icp-ms As a Tool For Express Quantification Of Rees In Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Measurement of Rare Earth Elements in Brines: Isolation from the Charged Matrix Versus Direct LA‐ICP‐MS Measurements – A Comparative Study

Kokh

Luais

Truche

et al. 2021

Geostandard Geoanalytic Res

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The quantification of the rare earth elements (REEs) in natural rocks and fluids is important not only for the sustainable use of geological resources but also for fundamental geological research. Due to significant improvements in experimental, modelling and analytical techniques, it was discovered that the REEs could be efficiently mobilised and transported by hydrothermal fluids. Thus, determining the REEs in fluids, especially in highly saline solutions, is a prerequisite to understand their fate in hydrothermal fluids. An analytical methodology was established to determine the trace quantities of the REEs in aqueous solutions with compositions typical to seawater and brines. The developed protocol was applied for the quantification of REEs in experimental sodium‐rich carbonate‐bearing hydrothermal solutions. For this purpose, we used two analytical approaches: (a) the REEs were chromatographically isolated from the charged matrix and introduced into a single collector quadrupole ICP‐MS and (b) direct determination of the REEs by LA‐ICP‐MS in experimental solutions loaded into glass capillaries without any additional isolation procedure. Both LA‐ICP‐MS and solution nebulisation ICP‐MS analysis after isolation of the REEs provide identical data in terms of REE concentrations in brines and are consistent within analytical uncertainties. Being an express method, LA‐ICP‐MS can be recommended for REE quantification in brines. At the same time, isolation of the REEs from the charged matrix with subsequent ICP‐MS measurement provides higher accuracy and precision, giving additional information for the REEs mass fractions that are below the detection limit of the LA‐ICP‐MS that was estimated at the ~ 10 ng g−1 level.

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“…Приверженцы одной считают, что ключевым в генезисе Fe-Cu-Au месторождений является магматический высокотемпературный флюид [34,36,84]. Вторая группа исследователей полагает, что осаждение железа и других металлов происходило из экзогенных флюидов с высокими содержаниями галогенов, связанных с эволюцией осадочно-вулканогенных и метаморфических толщ [23,46,51] или смешанных мантийно-коровых флюидов [33,50,91,95]. Многие исследователи также предполагают многоступенчатую архитектуру долгоживущих коровых рудообразующих систем, в которых железо-фосфорные месторождения с магнетитом и апатитом (так называемый Кирунский тип) занимают наиболее глубинные их горизонты, а железооксидно-медно-золотое (собственно IOCG Андийского типа) оруденение ассоциируется с субвулканическими системами и тесно связано с медно-золотыми порфировыми и высокосульфидными эпитермальными месторождениями [15,77,88,89,92,94,100].…”

Section: геологическая интерпретацияunclassified

Silicate, Iron Oxide and Copper-Gold-Silver Microspherules in Ores and Pyroclastics of the Kostenginskoye Iron Ore Deposit (Russian Far East)

Бердников¹,

Nevstruev²,

Kepezhinskas³

et al. 2021

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Iron-oxide ores and pyroclastics from the Kostenginskoye deposit in the Malyi Khingan (Russian Far East) contain numerous silicate, iron-oxide, and copper-gold-silver microspherules. Silicate spherules are composed of immiscible iron- and silica-rich glasses, gas cavities and mineral inclusions. Iron-oxide spherules include magnetite with minor ilmenite and Fe-rich silicate glass. Copper-gold-silver spherules contain inclusions predominantly of copper oxide compositions. The studied microspherules are considered to have formed during the rapid ascent of metal-silicate melts from depth and their degassing controlled by liquid immiscibility differentiation. The paper discusses the possible volcanic origin of iron-oxide ores and the associated noble metal mineralization for the deposits of this type.

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Fluorite as indicator mineral in iron oxide-copper-gold systems: explaining the IOCG deposit diversity

Cited by 15 publications

References 51 publications

Study on the Hydrothermal Superposition Period: Mineralization–Alteration Zoning Model and Zoning Mechanism of the Dahongshan Fe-Cu Deposit in Yunnan Province

Study on the Hydrothermal Superposition Period: Mineralization–Alteration Zoning Model and Zoning Mechanism of the Dahongshan Fe-Cu Deposit in Yunnan Province

Quantitative Measurement of Rare Earth Elements in Brines: Isolation from the Charged Matrix Versus Direct LA‐ICP‐MS Measurements – A Comparative Study

Silicate, Iron Oxide and Copper-Gold-Silver Microspherules in Ores and Pyroclastics of the Kostenginskoye Iron Ore Deposit (Russian Far East)

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