Fluorite solubility equilibria in selected geothermal waters

Nordstrom, D. Kirk; Jenne, E.A.

doi:10.1016/0016-7037(77)90224-1

Cited by 199 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Fluorite (CaF 2 ) has been generally considered as a dominant source of groundwater fluoride, especially in granitic terrains (Deshmukh and Chakravarti 1995). However, its dissolution in freshwater is low and, furthermore, its dissolution rate is remarkably slow (Nordstrom and Jenne 1977). When groundwater reacts with granite gneissic rocks for a prolonged period, the fluoride concentrations are continuously enriched, even after the groundwater reaches an equilibrium state with respect to fluorite (CaF 2 ) due to the removal of Ca 2+ by precipitation of calcite (CaCO 3 ).…”

Section: Fluoride Geochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoride hazard and assessment of groundwater quality in the semi-arid Upper Panda River basin, Sonbhadra district, Uttar Pradesh, India

Raju

Dey

Goßel

et al. 2012

Hydrological Sciences Journal

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Around 9000 inhabitants in the Panda River basin, Sonbhadhra District, Uttar Pradesh, India, are vulnerable to a "silent" dental and skeletal fluorosis from groundwater consumption. The fluoride source and seasonal groundwater quality variation were studied by collecting 65 groundwater samples in the Upper Panda River basin. Major rock types are phyllites and granite gneissic rocks. Fluoride concentrations are in the range 0.4-5.6 mg/L in the pre-monsoon season and 0.1-6.7 mg/L in the post-monsoon season. Fluor-apatite and biotite mica in the granite gneissic rock were identified as the main provenance of fluoride in the groundwater through water-rock interactions. Due to precipitation of calcium, soils become alkaline with high contents of sodium; these conditions allow fluoride to accumulate in water. According to risk index calculations, the fluoride-affected villages were shown to fall in the fluoride risk zone (with a risk index of around 1.7). On the basis of mineral stability diagrams, groundwater from the weathered and fractured aquifers appears to be stable within the kaolinite field, suggesting weathering of silicate minerals. The groundwater is chemically potable and suitable for domestic and agricultural purposes, except for a few wells in the southern region that are contaminated with high amounts of fluoride.Key words fluoride hazard; hydrogeochemistry; chemical relationships; seasonal groundwater quality; irrigation use; Panda River, IndiaRisques liés au fluor et évaluation de la qualité des eaux souterraines dans le bassin supérieur semi-aride de la rivière Panda, district de Sonbhadra (Uttar Pradesh, Inde) Résumé Dans le bassin de la rivière Panda, district de Sonbhadhra, Uttar Pradesh, environ 9000 habitants sont exposés à un fluorose dentaire et osseuse silencieuse dûe à la consommation des eaux souterraines. La source des fluorures, et la variabilité saisonnière de la qualité des eaux souterraines, ont été étudiées par la collecte de 65 échantillons d'eau souterraine dans le bassin supérieur de la rivière Panda. Les grands types de roches sont des phyllites et des granito-gneiss. Les concentrations en fluorures sont dans la gamme de 0,4 à 5,6 mg/L dans la saison précédant la mousson, et de 0,1 à 6,7 mg/L dans la saison suivant la mousson. Le fluor de l'apatite et le mica des biotites dans le granito-gneiss ont été identifiés comme la principale source des fluorures dans l'eau souterraine par le biais des interactions eau-roche. En raison de la précipitation du calcium, les sols deviennent alcalins avec des teneurs élevées en sodium ; ces conditions permettent aux fluorures de s'accumuler dans l'eau. Selon les calculs de l'indice de risque, les villages exposés au fluor se retrouvent dans la zone à risque (avec un indice de risque d'environ 1,7). Sur la base des diagrammes de stabilité des minéraux, les eaux souterraines des aquifères des zones altérées et fracturées apparaissent stables dans le domaine de la kaolinite, suggérant un altération des minéraux silicatés. L'eau souterraine...

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Section: Fluoride Geochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoride hazard and assessment of groundwater quality in the semi-arid Upper Panda River basin, Sonbhadra district, Uttar Pradesh, India

Raju

Dey

Goßel

et al. 2012

Hydrological Sciences Journal

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“…Previous groundwater studies by the USGS found elevated concentrations of fluoride associated with geothermal activity (Nordstrom and Jenne, 1977;Smedley and Kinniburgh, 2002). Elevated fluoride concentrations were found at many SWRCB-DDW sites in the northeastern part of the BV study area, which has been attributed to the effect of Pan Hot Springs on the aquifer system (Previtali, 2002; fig.…”

Section: Understanding Assessment For Fluoridementioning

confidence: 78%

Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the Bear Valley and Lake Arrowhead Watershed Study Unit, 2010: California GAMA Priority Basin Project

Mathany¹,

Burton²

2017

Scientific Investigations Report

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For more information on the USGS-the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment-visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1-888-ASK-USGS.For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod/.Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also may contain copyrighted materials as noted in the text. Permission to reproduce copyrighted items must be secured from the copyright owner. Conversion FactorsInternational System of Units to U.S. customary units Multiply DatumVertical coordinate information is referenced to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88).Horizontal coordinate information is referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83).Depth, as used in this report, refers to distance below the land-surface datum and is reported as feet below land surface (ft bls). The GAMA BEAR study was designed to provide a spatially balanced, robust assessment of the quality of untreated (raw) groundwater from the primary aquifer systems in the two study areas of the BEAR study unit. The assessment is based on water-quality collected by the USGS from 38 sites (27 grid and 11 understanding) during 2010 and on waterquality data from the SWRCB-Division of Drinking Water (DDW) database. The primary aquifer system is defined by springs and the perforation intervals of wells listed in the SWRCB-DDW water-quality database for the BEAR study unit.This study included two types of assessments: (1) a status assessment, which characterized the status of the quality of the groundwater resource as of 2010 by using data from samples analyzed for volatile organic compounds, pesticides, and naturally present inorganic constituents, such as major ions and trace elements, and (2) an understanding assessment, which evaluated the natural and human factors potentially affecting the groundwater quality. The assessments were intended to characterize the quality of groundwater resources in the primary aquifer system of the BEAR study unit, not the treated drinking water delivered to consumers. Bear Valley study area and the Lake Arrowhead Watershed study area were also compared statistically on the basis of water-quality results and factors potentially affecting the groundwater quality.Relative concentrations (RCs), which are sample concentration of a particular constituent divided by its associated health-or aesthetic-based benchmark concentrations, were used for evaluating the groundwater quality for those constituents that have Federal or California regulatory or non-regulatory benchmarks for drinking-water quality. An RC greater than 1.0 indicates a concentration greater than a benchmark. Organic (volatile organic compounds and pesticides) and special-interest (perchlorate) constituent RCs were classified as "high" (RC greater than...

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“…Fluorite is another mineral that reaches equilibrium with the Shenzao thermal waters. Unlike carbonate, the tendency of the fluorite activity product to reach the equilibrium value is driven by increasing electrical conductivity rather than temperature [55]. On this basis, we assume that fluorite's undersaturation in the Xinzhou thermal water is closely related to dilution by fresh groundwater flow, which leads to a decrease in electrical conductivity.…”

Section: Mineral Saturation Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Geothermometry Applications of Thermal Waters in Coastal Xinzhou and Shenzao Geothermal Fields, Guangdong, China

Wang

2018

Geofluids

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Two separate groups of geothermal waters have been identified in the coastal region of Guangdong, China. One is Xinzhou thermal water of regional groundwater flow system in a granite batholith and the other is thermal water derived from shallow coastal aquifers in Shenzao geothermal field, characterized by high salinity. The hydrochemical characteristics of the thermal waters were examined and characterized as Na-Cl and Ca-Na-Cl types, which are very similar to that of seawater. The hydrochemical evolution is revealed by analyzing the correlations of components versus Cl and their relative changes for different water samples, reflecting different extents of water-rock interactions and clear mixing trends with seawaters. Nevertheless, isotopic data indicate that thermal waters are all of the meteoric origins. Isotopic data also allowed determination of different recharge elevations and presentation of different mixing proportions of seawater with thermal waters. The reservoir temperatures were estimated by chemical geothermometries and validated by fluid-mineral equilibrium calculations. The most reliable estimates of reservoir temperature lie in the range of 148-162 ∘ C for Xinzhou and the range of 135-144 ∘ C for Shenzao thermal waters, based on the retrograde and prograde solubilities of anhydrite and chalcedony. Finally, a schematic cross-sectional fault-hydrology conceptual model was proposed.

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Fluorite solubility equilibria in selected geothermal waters

Cited by 199 publications

References 23 publications

Fluoride hazard and assessment of groundwater quality in the semi-arid Upper Panda River basin, Sonbhadra district, Uttar Pradesh, India

Fluoride hazard and assessment of groundwater quality in the semi-arid Upper Panda River basin, Sonbhadra district, Uttar Pradesh, India

Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the Bear Valley and Lake Arrowhead Watershed Study Unit, 2010: California GAMA Priority Basin Project

Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Geothermometry Applications of Thermal Waters in Coastal Xinzhou and Shenzao Geothermal Fields, Guangdong, China

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