Fluoro-organic biochemistry

Abstract

Fluoro-Organic BiochemistryFluoro-organic chemistry has made a significant, impact in the biomedical and health-related sciences. Although reviews cover specific areas of fluoro-organic biochemistry (1-6), this article provides a general overview of the subject and illuminates areas where further study is desirable.Chemical Carcinogenesis (7-10)The cancer-inducing properties of polynuclear aromatic compounds have been a subject of considerable interest and importance. Fluorinated carcinogenic aromatic compounds have significantly advanced the understanding of the molecular basis for cancer induction by these compounds. The reasoning for the use of fluorinated polynuclear aromatic compounds in the study of cancer is that the fluorine atom will inhibit the cancer production if it is bonded to the site in the compound that is most, responsible for the carcinogenic activity (11)(12).The study of many fluorinated polynuclear aromatic compounds for the purpose of elucidiating the molecular basis for chemical carcinogenesis has resulted in three exceptional discoveries. Namely, the 5-position in 7-methylbenz|a]anthracene (11), the nitrogen atom in 2-aeetylaminofluorene ( 14), and the 2-position in 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (15) are of major importance in the metabolism leading to cancer production by these systems.

Niacin Reduces Paraquat Toxicity in Rats

“…Animals indicated as having died were observed to die; their livers were removed immediately or within 5 to 15 minutes of death, as determined by interval observations. We measured the NAD by a polarographic recycling method (12) after extraction as described by Klingenberg (13). Niacin was measured by a microbiological assay after extraction of niacin from livers frozen in liquid nitrogen (14).…”

“…Reviews have been written on the role of organic fluorine in biochemistry (13), psychiatry (14), and toxicology (15,16). The fluoroorganic compounds methoxyflurane and halothane are anesthetics (17), and artificial blood contains perfluorocarbons (18,19).…”

“…Residual coupling constants (Jr)(13) became useful in interrelating proton and carbon Evidence of predation. Subsequent chemical and pharmacological studies have now resulted in the isolation and structure assignment of a potent new neuromuscular toxin, lophotoxin (1), from four species of Lophogorgia.…”

Generation of Interhalogen Fluorides under Mild Conditions: A Comparison of Sluggish and Reactive Interhalogen Fluorides

“…1 The importance of organofluorides both biologically and medicinally is well recognized. 2 Recently, we reported on the reaction of xenon difluoride (XeF 2 ) with iodine (I 2 ) or N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) in the presence of alkenes and/ or aromatics, and demonstrated that iodofluorination of the alkenes and iodination of the aromatics occurred in good yield. 3 This procedure was not applicable to the reaction of XeF 2 with Br 2 or Cl 2 because these halogens reacted too rapidly with the alkenes.…”

The use of fluoromethanes in organic synthesis

“…Previous articles in this Journal have given excellent introductions to synthetic methods in organofluorine chemistry (3), biochemically significant fluorinated compounds (4), and a short history on the role of fluorine in chemistry (5). This article will review briefly the advances in selective fluorination, concentrating on the use of fluoromethanes as preformed fluorocarbon units for organic synthesis,* 1 Survey of Selective Fluorlnation Processes (6) Fluorinated organic compounds have been successfully applied to a great variety of chemical and biochemical needs (2,7).…”