Fluoro-Promoted Thermal Ring Expansion of Cyclopropyl Carbenes to gem-Difluorinated Cyclobutenes

Abstract

Synthesis of gem-difluorinated cyclobutenes presents certain challenges for considering the compatibility of the fluorine atom introduction with four-membered ring retention. Herein, we develop a transition-metal-free synthetic strategy toward gemdifluorinated cyclobutenes from gem-difluorinated cyclopropyl Ntosylhydrazons via ring expansion reaction. The gem-difluoro substitution alters the properties of the cyclopropane, facilitating the thermal rearrangement of cyclopropyl carbenes into cyclobutenes. This reaction can be easily handled free from inert gas protection, thus offering an efficient route to synthesize gem-difluorinated cyclobutenes.