Fluorometric Determination of Diarrhetic Shellfish Toxins by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Lee, Jong Soo; Yanagi, Toshihiko; Kenma, Ritsuko; Yasumoto, Takeshi

doi:10.1080/00021369.1987.10868078

Cited by 56 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The digestive glands were then homogenized for 30 s using an Ultra-Turrax knife homogenizer at room temperature. The procedure for the sample clean-up followed the protocol for HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) analysis described by Lee et al (1987). The resulting chloroform extracts were used for detection of DST by the PPIA according to Vieytes et al (1997).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oceanographic settings explain fluctuations in Dinophysis spp. and concentrations of diarrhetic shellfish toxin in the plankton community within a mussel farm area on the Swedish west coast

Godhe¹,

Svensson²,

Rehnstam-Holm³

2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The influence of hydrographic, biological and meteorological variables on the abundance of Dinophysis spp. and the concentration of diarrhetic shellfish toxin (DST) in the plankton population were investigated in a mussel (Mytilus edulis) farm area on the Swedish west coast. This location provided an opportunity to simultaneously compare Dinophysis spp. cell numbers, concentration of DST in natural phytoplankton assemblages and toxicity of mussel tissues. Sampling was performed every other day from October 10 to November 5, 2000, and on each occasion, 5 randomly selected sites were sampled. During this period, 3 distinct water masses passed through the vicinity of the mussel farm. The second water mass, characterized by low salinity and nitrogen concentration, was probably advected into the area from surface waters in the nearby Skagerrak. This low salinity water also contained a high abundance of Dinophysis spp., and high concentrations of DST were recorded in the phytoplankton population. Multivariate analysis (projection to latent structures by means of partial least squares, PLS) determined that the principal variables influencing the concentration of DST in the plankton assemblage were the causative species (D. acuminata, D. acuta and D. norvegica) and salinity. The abundance of the 3 Dinophysis spp. was inversely correlated to salinity. A rapid increase in the toxicity of mussels in response to the high levels of DST was observed. The concentration of DST had doubled within 2 d of the appearance of Dinophysis spp. After 8 d, the water mass containing Dinophysis spp. was replaced and cell numbers again returned to low levels. The concentration of DST in the phytoplankton samples remained high for another 2 d after the number of Dinophysis spp. had declined and the toxicity of mussels continued to be high for the remainder of the study. Causes of the rapid intoxication versus slow detoxification of mussels are discussed. These results suggest that present monitoring programs are insufficient to provide early warning of toxic blooms to aquaculturists on the Swedish west coast.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oceanographic settings explain fluctuations in Dinophysis spp. and concentrations of diarrhetic shellfish toxin in the plankton community within a mussel farm area on the Swedish west coast

Godhe¹,

Svensson²,

Rehnstam-Holm³

2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Several alternative methods have been developed for the detection of these toxins including immunoassays and other in vitro assays, but instrumental analysis methods are attractive because they offer the possibility of improvements in accuracy, precision, sensitivity, automation, and speed of determination. One method that is widely used is liquid chromatography (LC) with fluorometric detection of 9-anthryldiazomethane (ADAM) derivatives, initially proposed by Lee et al (1987). Several laboratories have reported improvements to the method, such as the in situ method for preparation of the reagent (Yoshida et al, 1988;Quilliam et al, 1998) and better cleanup procedures (Quilliam, 1995;Stabell et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Further Studies on the Analysis of DSP Toxin Profiles in Galician Mussels

Leão

Gago-Martı́nez

Vázquez

et al. 1999

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Vous avez des questions? Nous pouvons vous aider. Pour communiquer directement avec un auteur, consultez la première page de la revue dans laquelle son article a été publié afin de trouver ses coordonnées. Si vous n'arrivez pas à les repérer, communiquez avec nous à PublicationsArchive-ArchivesPublications@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca. Questions? Contact the NRC Publications Archive team atPublicationsArchive-ArchivesPublications@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca. If you wish to email the authors directly, please see the first page of the publication for their contact information. NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRCThis publication could be one of several versions: author's original, accepted manuscript or the publisher's version. / La version de cette publication peut être l'une des suivantes : la version prépublication de l'auteur, la version acceptée du manuscrit ou la version de l'éditeur. NRC Publications Record / Notice d'Archives des publications de CNRC:http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/view/object/?id=339aafca-a308-4ddf-b8d4-528ff1d1093d http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/fra/voir/objet/?id=339aafca-a308-4ddf-b8d4-528ff1d1093d Further studies on mussel samples from Galicia, Spain, have revealed the presence of okadaic acid (OA), dinophysistoxin 2 (DTX2), and the fatty acid acyl esters of both of these toxins as the "DTX3" complex. Measurements were performed with an improved in situ method for the formation of 9-anthryldiazomethane (ADAM) derivatives followed by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Base hydrolysis of DTX3 toxins gave free OA and DTX2, which were determined following ADAM derivatization. Results were confirmed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses, and in most of the samples, free DTX2 was the most abundant toxin. However, the OA/DTX2 ratio in the DTX3 conjugated form was different, with OA being the most abundant in all cases. This difference could be due to different rates of metabolism of OA and DTX2 to the acyl esters or due to contamination of the shellfish by the two toxins at different points in time, resulting in less acyl ester formation for one toxin versus the other. The second possibility would be reasonable if two different source organisms were producing the toxins. Further Studies on the Analysis of DSP Toxin Profiles in Galician Mussels

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“…1) and structurally related toxins called dinophysistoxins (Yasumoto et al 1978, 1985, Murata et al 1982. Shellfish concentrate these toxins in their digestive tissues, with considerably reduced amounts accumulated in other tissues (Lee et al 1987, Bauder et al 1996. The toxins cause mainly gastrointestinal symptoms in humans with an onset time between 0.5 to 12 h after ingestion of contaminated shellfish.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DSP was first documented in Japan and initial studies suggested that ingesting shellfish containing 12 'mouse units' of toxin(s) (equivalent to approx. 48 pg okadaic acid or 43 pg dinophysistoxin-l) was sufficient to cause mild poisoning in humans (Yasumoto et al 1978, Lee et al 1987). The safety limits for consumption of DSP toxins varies between countries, but generally when toxin levels exceed 200 ng g-' edible tissue the shellfish are considered unfit for human consumption (Quilliam & Wright 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include animal bioassays (Hamano et al 1985), fluorescence HPLC (Lee et al 1987), immunoassays (Levine et al 1988), enzyme assays based upon the inhibition of PP1 or PP2A phosphatases (Holmes 1991) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) (Pleasance et al 1990). Each of these assays has advantages but LC-MS probably offers the greatest combination of sensitivity and selectivity for detecting known toxins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Persistent low concentrations of diarrhetic shellfish toxins in green mussels Perna viridis from the Johor Strait, Singapore:first record of diarrhetic shellfish toxins from South-East Asia

Holmes¹,

Teo²,

Lee³

et al. 1999

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Liquid chromatography-selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry was used to identify and quantify Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) toxins for the first time from tropical shellfish. Persistent, low concentrations of okadaic acid, 6 isomers of okadaic acid, and 5 isomers of dinophysistoxin-l (DTX-1) were detected from green mussels Perna vjrjdis from 3 sites in the Johor Strait, Singapore, between October 1995 and December 1997. Isomers of okadaic acid and DTX-1 generally occurred in hlgher concentrations than okadaic acid The highest concentration of any single DSP toxin detected from Singapore shellfish was 97 ng g-' mussel digestive tissue (wet weight) of an isomer of DTX-l (DTX-la). The maximum concentration of okadaic acid detected was 24 ng g-' digestive tissue. These concentrations are well below the generally recommended limit for consumption of DSP toxins for humans (-1 pg toxin g-' digestive tissue). Naturally contaminated mussels rapidly depurated okadaic acid when held in a laboratory aquarium; however, okadaic acid and some isomers of okadaic acid and DTX-1 could still be detected (

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Fluorometric Determination of Diarrhetic Shellfish Toxins by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Cited by 56 publications

References 6 publications

Oceanographic settings explain fluctuations in Dinophysis spp. and concentrations of diarrhetic shellfish toxin in the plankton community within a mussel farm area on the Swedish west coast

Oceanographic settings explain fluctuations in Dinophysis spp. and concentrations of diarrhetic shellfish toxin in the plankton community within a mussel farm area on the Swedish west coast

Further Studies on the Analysis of DSP Toxin Profiles in Galician Mussels

Persistent low concentrations of diarrhetic shellfish toxins in green mussels Perna viridis from the Johor Strait, Singapore:first record of diarrhetic shellfish toxins from South-East Asia

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