Fluorometric measurement of alkaline phosphatase activity in algae

Healey, F. P.; Hendzel, L. L.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2427.1979.tb01527.x

Cited by 139 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In contrast to urease, APA is a well-studied enzyme that is known to be inducible upon limitation by DIP and is often indicative of P-limitation (Healey & Hendzel 1979, Chrost 1991, Cotner & Wetzel 1991. Higher rates of APA have previously been observed in the south-central region of Florida Bay compared to the northwest and north-central regions (Cotner et al 2000), and the long-term median rates (volumetric basis) of APA have been shown to be higher in the central region than in the eastern and western basin .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fan et al (2003) found that urease content per cell was significantly higher for the dinoflagellate P. minimum than for the either the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii or the pelagophyte Aureococcus anophagefferens; however, on a per cell volume basis, A. anophagefferens had the highest activity. In this study the easternmost bay site (Stn 7) was characterized by the highest rate of biomass-normalized urease activity and was composed of a higher relative proportion of peridinin-containing dinoflagellates, which would be consistent with the above relationships.In contrast to urease, APA is a well-studied enzyme that is known to be inducible upon limitation by DIP and is often indicative of P-limitation (Healey & Hendzel 1979, Chrost 1991, Cotner & Wetzel 1991. Higher rates of APA have previously been observed in the south-central region of Florida Bay compared to the northwest and north-central regions (Cotner et al 2000), and the long-term median rates (volumetric basis) of APA have been shown to be higher in the central region than in the eastern and western basin .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evidence for dissolved organic nitrogen and phosphorus uptake during a cyanobacterial bloom in Florida Bay

Glibert¹,

Heil²,

Hollander³

et al. 2004

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

169

121

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Florida Bay, a shallow, seagrass-dominated bay in southern Florida, USA, receives significant nutrient inputs and has experienced seagrass losses and microalgal blooms within the last several decades. Inorganic nutrient inputs have been well characterized, but the role of organic nutrients, specifically of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and organic phosphorus (DOP), in supporting microbial processes in the bay is unknown. In this study various techniques were used to assess the importance of these nutrients along a transect in Florida Bay when a cyanobacterial bloom occurred in the central region in November 2002. These techniques included measurements of ambient particulate and dissolved nutrients, enzyme (urease and alkaline phosphatase) activities, and experiments to determine rates of 15 N uptake (nitrate, ammonium, urea, and amino acids over a period of 0.5 h) and long-term (48 h) changes in microbial biomass and 15 N natural abundance in enrichment bioassays. The cyanobacterial bloom in central Florida Bay was associated with the highest concentrations of DON and DOP, whereas the microflagellate-and diatom-dominated eastern bay region was associated with the highest concentrations of inorganic nutrients. The zeaxanthin:chlorophyll a ratio (an indicator of the relative contribution of cyanobacteria to phytoplankton biomass) was positively correlated with the rate of uptake of urea, and negatively correlated with the rate of uptake of inorganic nitrogen. The opposite pattern was observed for the fucoxanthin:chlorophyll a ratio (indicative of relative diatom biomass) and the peridinin:chlorophyll a ratio (indicative of relative photosynthetic dinoflagellate biomass), suggesting that different algal groups were using different N substrates. Biomass responses in the bioassay experiments showed that phytoplankton (as chlorophyll a) responded to DON additions in the western region and to DOP additions in the eastern region, but heterotrophic bacteria, in contrast, responded to DOP additions in the west and DON additions in the east. These findings thus demonstrate the potential for different sources of N, including DON, to stimulate different components of the algal community, and for the phytoplankton and bacteria to respond differently to N and P.KEY WORDS: Florida Bay · Cyanobacteria · Organic N · Organic P · Nutrient limitation · Urease · Alkaline phosphatase · Bioassay · Nutrient uptake rates Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 280: [73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83] 2004 changes. Since the onset of industrialization in the 1880s, the health of the Florida Bay ecosystem has been negatively impacted on both decadal (e.g. increasing eutrophication) and centurial (e.g. changes in land use and water management practices within southern Florida) time-scales (Fourqurean & Robblee 1999). These anthropogenic changes have led to a significant alteration in freshwater flow patterns within the Everglades, causing declines in seagrass d...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for dissolved organic nitrogen and phosphorus uptake during a cyanobacterial bloom in Florida Bay

Glibert¹,

Heil²,

Hollander³

et al. 2004

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

169

121

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Acid phosphatases presumably function similarly to alkaline phosphatases in that they are phosphomonoesterase enzymes that help supply algae with inorganic P (Healey and Hendzel, 1979). Phosphatase activity commonly increases in the presence of low inorganic P concentrations; therefore, high biomass-specific phosphatase activity indicates P-limitation in algal populations (Healey, 1973;Healey and Hendzel, 1979;Wetzel, 1983). However, the effects of Al on acid phosphatase activity are poorly understood and contradictory.…”

Section: Direct Effects Of Aluminum On Phosphorus Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Bioavailability and Toxicity of Aluminum in Aquatic Environments

Gensemer

Playle

1999

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

642

444

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT:In this article we review the biological effects of Al, primarily with respect to the chemical factors controlling Al bioavailability and toxicity, and how its biological effects are best predicted. Our intent is not to duplicate recent reviews on Al chemistry or toxicity, but rather to update the literature since these reviews were published, and to focus on Al speciation and other external chemical influences on Al bioavailability to freshwater biota. Briefly, we first review Al chemistry, with a specific focus on understanding, as well as measuring, Al chemical species of importance to aquatic biota. Next we more comprehensively review Al toxicity and bioavailability to freshwater algae, with a thorough analysis of the relationships between speciation and toxicity, the role of important chemical complexing agents such as P, Si, and organic carbon, as well as the potential for Al to impact algal community structure. A third section reviews the more sparse literature on aquatic higher plants; the fourth section reviews a somewhat more abundant literature of Al toxicity to freshwater invertebrates. We close with an updated review of Al toxicity to fish, again with a focus on mechanisms of toxicity, and the role of Al speciation in controlling bioavailability.

show abstract

“…Many phytoplankton species evolved different strategies to ameliorate the toxic effects of As 5+ , including reduction to arsenite (As 3+ ) and methylation to monomethyl-(MMAs) and dimethylarsenic (DMAs). These detoxification products are less harmful and easier to excrete (Andreae and Klumpp 1979;Sanders and Riedel 1993;Hellweger et al 2003). Hellweger et al (2003) proposed a mechanistic model with a limited methylation capacity due to slower kinetics compared with the preceding reduction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These detoxification products are less harmful and easier to excrete (Andreae and Klumpp 1979;Sanders and Riedel 1993;Hellweger et al 2003). Hellweger et al (2003) proposed a mechanistic model with a limited methylation capacity due to slower kinetics compared with the preceding reduction. Such capacity may be exceeded during luxury P uptake because the chances of taking up As 5+ increase with higher rates of P uptake.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Arsenic and phosphorus biogeochemistry in the ocean: Arsenic species as proxies for P‐limitation

Wurl

Zimmer

Cutter

2013

Limnology & Oceanography

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Arsenic and phosphorus are biochemically very similar, and hence arsenate (As 5+ ) is toxic by interfering with the energy metabolism, in particular during P limitation. However, many phytoplankton detoxify As by reducing arsenate to arsenite (As 3+ ), and/or methylating it to mono and dimethyl As. Such As detoxification becomes operative in oligotrophic waters when phosphate concentrations are below those for As; therefore, we evaluated the potential use of these detoxification products as indicators of P limitation by measuring As speciation during the US GEOTRACES North Atlantic transect. The distribution of As 3+ concentrations in surface waters is similar to that of N : P ratios and alkaline phosphatase activity (APA), two conventional proxies for P-limitation. As 3+ concentrations have a very similar relationship to phosphate as APA to phosphate, and therefore indicate the potential of As 3+ as proxy for P-limitation. From the relationship to phosphate we derived threshold values of As 3+ concentration to indicate moderate and extreme P-limitation. We then applied these threshold values to assess P-limitation with high horizontal resolution in the North Atlantic, improving on the contradictory assessments using the conventional proxies. Our new evaluation is consistent with the general concept that the North Atlantic is moderately to extremely limited in phosphate.Arsenic and phosphorus are biochemically very similar, so that phytoplanktonic uptake of arsenate (As 5+ ) induces toxic effects due to its substitution in the adenotriphosphate (ATP) cycle, effectively decoupling the energy metabolism (Lehninger 1975). Many phytoplankton species evolved different strategies to ameliorate the toxic effects of As 5+ , including reduction to arsenite (As 3+ ) and methylation to monomethyl-(MMAs) and dimethylarsenic (DMAs). These detoxification products are less harmful and easier to excrete (Andreae and Klumpp 1979;Sanders and Riedel 1993;Hellweger et al. 2003). Hellweger et al. (2003) proposed a mechanistic model with a limited methylation capacity due to slower kinetics compared with the preceding reduction. Such capacity may be exceeded during luxury P uptake because the chances of taking up As 5+ increase with higher rates of P uptake. Hellweger et al. (2003) proposed that exceeding methylation capacity leads to the excretion of the reduced As 3+ . Surface waters of oligotrophic central gyres have particularly high As : P ratios, with As 5+ concentrations in a range of 10-15 nmol L 21 (Cutter et al. 2001;Cutter and Cutter 2006), while phosphate is typically within a range of 0.2-10 nmol L 21 (Wu et al.

show abstract

Fluorometric measurement of alkaline phosphatase activity in algae

Cited by 139 publications

References 34 publications

Evidence for dissolved organic nitrogen and phosphorus uptake during a cyanobacterial bloom in Florida Bay

Evidence for dissolved organic nitrogen and phosphorus uptake during a cyanobacterial bloom in Florida Bay

The Bioavailability and Toxicity of Aluminum in Aquatic Environments

Arsenic and phosphorus biogeochemistry in the ocean: Arsenic species as proxies for P‐limitation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About