Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of preimplantation embryos. ESCs exhibit true pluripotency, i.e., the ability to differentiate into cells of all three germ layers in the developing embryo. We used 2-DE MALDI-TOF/TOF to identify differentially expressed proteins among three types of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) derived from fertilized, parthenogenetic, and androgenetic (fESC, pESC and aESC, respectively) blastocysts. We detected more than 800 proteins on silverstained gels of whole protein extracts from each type of ESC. Of these, 52 differentially expressed proteins were identified by the MALDI-TOF/TOF analyzer, including 32 (fESCs vs. pESCs), 28 (fESCs vs. aESCs) and 17 (pESCs vs. aESCs) prominent proteins with significantly higher or lower expression relative to the comparison cells. Among the 32 proteins from fESCs, 12 were significantly increased in expression and 20 were reduced in expression in fESCs compared with pESCs. Similarly, 10 of 28 and 8 of 17 proteins were more highly expressed in fESCs and pESCs compared with aESCs, respectively. In contrast, 18 of 28 and 9 of 17 proteins were reduced in expression in fESCs and pESCs compared with aESCs, respectively. Of the eight protein candidates in fESCs, four were increased and four were decreased in expression relative to both pESCs and aESCs in the 2-DE analysis. Differential expression of these proteins were confirmed by mRNA expression analysis using real time RT-PCR. For three proteins, ANXA5, CLIC1 and SRM, Western blot analysis corroborated the expression patterns indicated by the 2-DE results. ANXA5 and CLIC1 were increased in expression and SRM was decreased in expression in fESCs compared with both pESCs and aESCs. The differentially expressed proteins identified in the present study warrant further investigation towards the goal of their potential application in ESC therapy.