Fluoronitrile/CO<sub>2</sub> mixture as an eco-friendly alternative to SF<sub>6</sub> for medium voltage switchgears

Zhang, Boya; Uzelac, Nenad; Cao, Yang

doi:10.1109/tdei.2018.007146

Cited by 94 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Before each experiment, the electrode systems were vacuumed for 30 minutes by a vacuum pump with a pumping speed of 120 L/min, and were then filled with CO 2 with purity over 99.9% and vacuumed again. This procedure was repeated three times in order to prevent any pollution of gas [20]. PD pulses were measured using the detection resistor, and were acquired using a digital oscilloscope (DSO, YOKOGAWA, 5 GS/s, Tokyo, Japan) and a peripheral component interconnect eXtensions for instrumentation (PXI, National Instrument, 250 MS/s, Austin, TX, USA).…”

Section: Experiments and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…g3 is a gas mixture that is composed of NOVEC TM 4710 commercialized by 3M company and CO 2 . Physical and chemical properties of SF 6 , NOVEC TM 4710, and CO 2 are shown in Table 1 [19][20][21][22]. NOVEC TM 4710 cannot be used alone owing to its high liquefaction temperature, and therefore, CO 2 that has a superior arc-quenching capability is selected to make the gas mixture [23].…”

Section: A Review Of G3 Gasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Green Gas for a Grid as An Eco-Friendly Alternative Insulation Gas to SF6: From the Perspective of Partial Discharge Under AC

et al. 2019

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This paper deals with the characteristics of partial discharge (PD) in green gas for a grid (g3), which is thought to be a promising eco-friendly alternative to substitute SF6 used in electrical power facilities and to reduce the greenhouse effect. g3 gas with 4% NOVECTM 4710/96% CO2 was used and electrode systems including a protrusion on conductor (POC) and a protrusion on enclosure (POE) were fabricated to simulate PD in a gas-insulated structure. PD characteristics in terms of partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV), pulse parameters in time and frequency, and the phase-resolved partial discharge (PRPD) pattern in SF6 and g3 were compared. From the results, the PDIVs of g3 were 76%–81% of that of SF6 in the POC and were 78%–84% of that of SF6 in the POE, depending on the gas pressure. Rising time, pulse width, and relative amplitude in the frequency domain of PD pulses in g3 gas were greater than those in SF6. In addition, the PRPD patterns indicated that both the average apparent charge and pulse count of PD in g3 were higher compared with those in SF6. The results from this paper are expected to provide fundamental material for the green manufacturing of gas-insulated power apparatus.

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Section: Experiments and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Review Of G3 Gasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Gas for a Grid as An Eco-Friendly Alternative Insulation Gas to SF6: From the Perspective of Partial Discharge Under AC

et al. 2019

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“…To overcome this problem, time span for each test was restricted to 15-20 min. As R152a and CO2 both are inert and in gaseous form, the time equal to 30-45 min is enough to mix properly for both gases [20].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mixtures of per-fluorinated ketones (C 5 F 10 O, C 6 F 12 O/Technical air or CO 2 ) Superior smallest operating temperature than SF 6 [20]. Far above the ground boiling temperature (24 • C) at (0.1 MPa) because of higher molecular mass.…”

Section: Gases Problems and Drawbacksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environment-Friendly and Efficient Gaseous Insulator as a Potential Alternative to SF6

et al. 2019

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Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is commonly used in electrical insulation networks due to its superior dielectric properties. However, it possesses a high Global Warming Potential (GWP) of 22,800 times compared to CO2 (at equal mass over a time span of 100 years) and a high atmospheric lifetime. This alarming metric prompted investigation for substitute gases with minor environmental influences. The overall objective of this research is to evaluate refrigerant R152a as a potential alternative for SF6 in electrical insulation systems. R152a gas has a significantly reduced value of GWP (140) and is a cheap insulation medium as compared to SF6. In this paper, dielectric breakdown testing of R152a and a mixture of CO2 with different concentrations have been tested. The dielectric strength of R152a/CO2 gas shows a saturated growth trend with increasing the gap difference, gas pressure and mixing ratio of R152a. Based on our experimental conditions, R152a/CO2 gas reveals good dielectric properties, and insulation performance can reach up to 96% of SF6. Finally, this work will bring a cost-effective and environment-friendly gaseous insulator for utility companies and power equipment manufacturers.

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“…Nechmi et al extrapolate a breakdown strength in homogeneous fields of 982 Td, which fits comparably well with our findings. Zhang et al find, for pure C 4 F 7 N in homogeneous fields, a value of ≈ 800 Td at one bar pressure, dropping to 620 Td at two bar [5]. They further state a field strength in SF 6 of ≈ 330 Td at one bar and ≈ 270 Td at two bar.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Identification of the discharge kinetics in the perfluoro-nitrile C₄F₇N with swarm and breakdown experiments

Hösl

Chachereau

Pachin

et al. 2019

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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We follow up on our previous publication on C 4 F 7 N and investigate the ion kinetics influencing C 4 F 7 N discharges with a pulsed Townsend experiment. The measured current signals at pressures between 6 and 69 kPa, in the range of density-reduced electric fields E/N from 500 to 1050 Td, show evidence of three anions: one long-lived anion with a detachment rate coefficient in the order of 10 −20 m 3 s −1 , a presumably non-detaching anion, and a short-lived anion with a detachment rate coefficient in the order of 10 −17 m 3 s −1. We obtain the corresponding rate coefficients for ionization, attachment and detachment in C 4 F 7 N. Using these results, we calculate a corrected value of the effective ionization rate coefficient (ν eff /N) * , taking into account detachment from negative ions. It results in a corrected value of the density-reduced critical electric field strength (E/N) * crit = 785 ± 15 Td, much lower than the previously obtained value of (E/N) crit = 975 ± 15 Td, which is valid only when electron detachment is negligible, i.e. for low pressure and small geometric distance. To find which value is most relevant for electrical insulation, we perform breakdown voltage measurements in homogeneous electric fields in C 4 F 7 N at 5 to 65 kPa. We compare the measured density-reduced breakdown field strength (E/N) bd to that calculated using the streamer criterion with the presently obtained rate coefficients, including electron detachment. We find excellent agreement between the measured and calculated (E/N) bd .

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Fluoronitrile/CO₂ mixture as an eco-friendly alternative to SF₆ for medium voltage switchgears

Cited by 94 publications

References 27 publications

Green Gas for a Grid as An Eco-Friendly Alternative Insulation Gas to SF6: From the Perspective of Partial Discharge Under AC

Green Gas for a Grid as An Eco-Friendly Alternative Insulation Gas to SF6: From the Perspective of Partial Discharge Under AC

Environment-Friendly and Efficient Gaseous Insulator as a Potential Alternative to SF6

Identification of the discharge kinetics in the perfluoro-nitrile C₄F₇N with swarm and breakdown experiments

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Fluoronitrile/CO2 mixture as an eco-friendly alternative to SF6 for medium voltage switchgears

Cited by 94 publications

References 27 publications

Green Gas for a Grid as An Eco-Friendly Alternative Insulation Gas to SF6: From the Perspective of Partial Discharge Under AC

Green Gas for a Grid as An Eco-Friendly Alternative Insulation Gas to SF6: From the Perspective of Partial Discharge Under AC

Environment-Friendly and Efficient Gaseous Insulator as a Potential Alternative to SF6

Identification of the discharge kinetics in the perfluoro-nitrile C4F7N with swarm and breakdown experiments

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Fluoronitrile/CO₂ mixture as an eco-friendly alternative to SF₆ for medium voltage switchgears

Identification of the discharge kinetics in the perfluoro-nitrile C₄F₇N with swarm and breakdown experiments