Fluorophore Tagged Mixed Ligand Copper(II) Complexes: Synthesis, Structural Characterization, Protein Binding, DNA Cleavage and Anticancer Activity

Abstract

Two fluorophore tagged copper(II) complexes [Cu(phen)(L)(ClO4)2] (1) and [Cu(bpy)(L)(H2O)(ClO4)](ClO4) (2), (where L=2‐amino‐1H‐benzo[de]isoquinoline‐1,3‐(2H)dione (L), phen=1,10‐phenanthroline and bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine) have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Structures of the copper complexes 1 and 2 were confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray structure determination. The coordination geometry around the copper center of complexes 1 and 2 is distorted octahedral. The plasmid DNA cleavage activity of the complexes has been investigated by agarose gel electrophoresis and the study reveals that both the complexes have high plasmid DNA photo‐cleavage activity. The binding interaction ability of the metal complexes with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy. The cytotoxicity of the complexes has been evaluated by MTT (3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazole‐2‐yl]‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay against A549 (adenocarcinoma human alveolar basal epithelial cells) and MCF‐7 (breast cancer cell line) cell lines in comparison with cis‐platin. Complexes 1 and 2 have exhibited better cytotoxic activity than cis‐platin against A549 and MCF‐7 cell lines. The cellular uptake study and localization of the complexes within the cells have been investigated by fluorescence microscopy. The cell staining and flow cytometry experiments suggest that complexes induce an apoptotic mode of cell death.

Synthesis of Copper and Cobalt complexes with a Hydrothermal Method and Their Applications in Antibiological Activity

“…As essential trace elements, cobalt and copper can bind to a variety of functional groups and effectively interact with DNA to modify proteins [14–16] . In coordination compounds, the transformation from oxidized Cu + to Cu 2+ plays an important role in chemistry and is also used as a catalyst in various biochemical reactions [17–19] . At the same time, it is also involved in a variety of metabolic pathways, such as mitochondrial respiration, free radical scavenging and iron absorption [20,21] .…”

“…[14][15][16] In coordination compounds, the transformation from oxidized Cu + to Cu 2 + plays an important role in chemistry and is also used as a catalyst in various biochemical reactions. [17][18][19] At the same time, it is also involved in a variety of metabolic pathways, such as mitochondrial respiration, free radical scavenging and iron absorption. [20,21] Its toxicity is based on the direct production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cleave DNA and RNA, and its distribution and homeostasis can be highly regulated.…”

Copper(i) complexes with quinolone appended 1,8-naphthalimide conjugates: structural characterization, DNA and protein binding and cytotoxicity studies

“…28,29 In an attempt to have improved antitumor activity of copper complexes, 1,8naphthalimide-based compounds constitute one of the most interesting classes of ligands. 30,31 Naphthalimides with their unique photophysical properties such as large quantum yields, photostability and sizable Stokes shift, have been extensively used in both supramolecular and medicinal chemistry. 32 Naphthalimide exhibits a broad spectrum of biological applications such as antitumor activity which has been shown towards a variety of human and murine cells, 32 antibacterial, 33 antiviral, 34 analgesic, 35 antitrypanosomal, 36 etc.…”