Fluoropolymer surface modification for enhanced evaporated metal adhesion

Shi, M. K.; Selmani, A.; Martinů, L.; Sacher, E.; Wertheimer, M. R.; Yelon, A.

doi:10.1163/156856194x00988

Cited by 78 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Previously, the fluoride ion peak at a binding energy of 684 eV in the XPS spectrum was detected when evaporated Cu was thermally annealed for 30 min at 150 C on Teflon AF1600 [29] and when octofluorocyclobutane was plasma polymerized on a Cu substrate. [30] In contrast to evaporated Cu, which can be peeled easily and totally removed from untreated PFA, [9] , FEP [A. R. Guntuka and A. Entenberg, unpublished research] and PTFE, [3,7] the fluoropolymers modified to contain fluoride ions at the interface showed enhanced adhesion to thermally evaporated Cu as reported in Table 4. In addition to these chemical effects, changes in surface roughness during argon etching will also contribute to the better adhesion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1,2] However, the low surface energy property of fluoropolymers results in poor practical adhesion of evaporated Cu to PTFE, [3][4][5][6][7] FEP [5,6,8] and PFA. [5,6,8,9] Quantitative measurements of the adhesion strengths show stronger adhesion of evaporated copper to FEP and PFA than to PTFE, which is attributed to the larger group electronegativities of CF 3 in FEP and C 3 F 7 O in PFA than to F in PTFE. [5,6] The absence of significant reaction of evaporated Cu with the fluoropolymers to form fluoride ions with PTFE, [4,7,10] FEP [10] and PFA [9,10] is in good agreement with the observed poor adhesion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[5,6,8,9] Quantitative measurements of the adhesion strengths show stronger adhesion of evaporated copper to FEP and PFA than to PTFE, which is attributed to the larger group electronegativities of CF 3 in FEP and C 3 F 7 O in PFA than to F in PTFE. [5,6] The absence of significant reaction of evaporated Cu with the fluoropolymers to form fluoride ions with PTFE, [4,7,10] FEP [10] and PFA [9,10] is in good agreement with the observed poor adhesion. [10] In contrast to thermal evaporation, high energy Cu atoms from plasma sputter deposition produces substantial yields of copper fluoride that correlates well with the better adhesion of sputtered Cu to FEP and PFA than to the more polycrystalline PTFE, which is the most resistant to the production of fluoride ions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fluoride ions at the Cu–fluoropolymer interface

Naujokas

Abreu

Takacs

et al. 2013

Surface & Interface Analysis

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Nanometer thick films of sputtered and evaporated Cu were deposited on the surfaces of the fluoropolymers poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE), poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene) (FEP) and poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-perfluoropropyl vinyl ether) (PFA) and studied by both angle-resolved XPS at takeoff angles of 10 , 45 and 80 and in situ argon ion etching. Higher yields of the fluoride ion to fluoropolymer ratio were detected for sputtered than evaporated Cu. PFA and FEP show enhanced interaction with sputtered Cu to produce fluoride ions relative to the more polycrystalline PTFE. At intermediate depths (takeoff angle of 45 ), PFA and FEP exhibit the strongest fluoride F 1s signals compared with the fluoropolymer peaks. The amount of fluoride ion detected reaches a maximum after brief Ar ion etching and then decreases with prolonged etching. Compared with untreated fluoropolymers, improved adhesion of evaporated Cu was observed on the fluoropolymer surfaces that were argon ion etched to expose fluoride ions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fluoride ions at the Cu–fluoropolymer interface

Naujokas

Abreu

Takacs

et al. 2013

Surface & Interface Analysis

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“…The plasma modification of polymers is very often used in surface cleaning or etching [52], changes in surface wettability and adhesion [53], reducing friction [54], or regulation of the cell adhesion in cytocompatibility studies [55]. The creation of the polar groups on the modified surface reaction by the reaction of activated polymer surface with gas atmosphere leads to the augmentation of adhesion, increasing hydrophilicity, or modifying the surface morphology (Fig.…”

Section: Plasma-treated Polymermentioning

confidence: 99%

Wettability and Other Surface Properties of Modified Polymers

Kasálková¹,

Slepička²,

Kolská³

et al. 2015

Wetting and Wettability

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Surface wettability is one of the crucial characteristics for determining of a material's use in specific application. Determination of wettability is based on the measurement of the material surface contact angle. Contact angle is the main parameter that characterizes the drop shape on the solid surface and is also one of the directly measurable properties of the phase interface. In this chapter, the wettability and its related properties of pristine and modified polymer foils will be described. The wettability depends on surface roughness and chemical composition. Changes of these parameters can adjust the values of contact angle and, therefore, wettability. In the case of pristine polymer materials, their wettability is unsuitable for a wide range of applications (such as tissue engineering, printing, and coating). Polymer surfaces can easily be modified by, e.g., plasma discharge, whereas the bulk properties remain unchanged. This modification leads to oxidation of the treated layer and creation of new chemical groups that mainly contain oxygen. Immediately after plasma treatment, the values of the contact angles of the modified polymer significantly decrease.In the case of a specific polymer, the strongly hydrophilic surface is created and leads to total spreading of the water drop. Wettability is strongly dependent on time from modification.Wettability plays a key role, e.g., in the development of biomaterials in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Biocompatibility tests of the cell adhesion, proliferation and viability are performed in an aqueous medium, and it is necessary to control the surface wettability. Various cell types have different requirements on surface properties, but while maintaining suitable parameters, the optimal value of © 2015 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.water contact angle for cell adhesion is in the interval of 50-70°. In the case of polymers, which have usually higher values of contact angles, the decrease in water contact angle and adjustment of the surface may be accomplished by introducing selected chemical groups (by plasma treatment), chemical compounds (by grafting, i.e., chemical bath deposition), or nanoparticles. In the case of grafting of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the plasma activated high-density polyethylene was under "properly" selected conditions of modification (molecular weight of PEG, concentration of PEG in solution) prepared layers that positively influenced the cell adhesion. In addition, low concentration of gold nanoparticles increased the number of adhered cells without decreasing cell viability.Whether the surface of the polymeric substrate is attractive for the adhesion and proliferation of cells is determined not only by wettability but also by a range of other surface properties...

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“…For this, different treatments were used: chemical etching [20], high energy ion radiation [21], X-ray and electron irradiation [22], and plasma etching [23][24][25], the last being considered to be one of the most efficient techniques for surface activation of polymers [26]. It is well known that plasma environments contain neutral species, energetic ions, electrons, and photons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface characterization of air plasma treated poly vinylidene fluoride and poly methyl methacrylate films

Pawde

Deshmukh

2009

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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In this investigation, the surface modification of poly vinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) film induced by air plasma has been investigated using contact angle measurement, electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), and ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy. Plasma treatment affects the polymer surfaces to an extent of several hundreds to several thousand angstroms deep, and the bulk properties of the polymer substrate are never modified because of its low penetration range. Plasma surface treatment also offers the advantage of greater chemical flexibility. The plasma exposure leads to weight loss and changes in the chemical composition of the polymer film surfaces. The contact angle of water shows decrease in surface wettability of PVDF and PMMA as the treatment time increases. The improvement in adhesion was studied by measuring T‐peel strength. In addition, printability of plasma treated PVDF and PMMA was studied by cross test method. It was found that printability increases considerably for plasma treatment of short duration. Surface energy and surface roughness can be directly correlated to the improvement in the aforementioned surface related properties. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Fluoropolymer surface modification for enhanced evaporated metal adhesion

Cited by 78 publications

References 43 publications

Fluoride ions at the Cu–fluoropolymer interface

Fluoride ions at the Cu–fluoropolymer interface

Wettability and Other Surface Properties of Modified Polymers

Surface characterization of air plasma treated poly vinylidene fluoride and poly methyl methacrylate films

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