Fluoroquinolone (Lomefloxacin) International Surveillance Trial: A report of 30 months of monitoring in vitro activity

Jones, Ronald N.

doi:10.1016/0002-9343(92)90310-8

Cited by 16 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…To minimize the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance and to ensure the future activity of antimicrobial agents it is important to implement monitoring systems that will make timely interventions possible. Monitoring systems for antimicrobial resistance have previously been described among humans (8,12,42,43,60) and animals (51, 76) in other countries. However, a limiting factor of the previous systems has been that they only monitored resistance among pathogenic bacteria from clinical infections to therapeutic antimicrobials.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from food animals to antimicrobial growth promoters and related therapeutic agents in Denmark

Aarestrup¹,

Bager²,

Jensen³

et al. 1998

APMIS

189

103

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of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from food animals to antimicrobial growth promoters and related therapeutic agents in Denmark. APMIS 106: 606-622, 1998. This study was conducted to describe the occurrence of acquired resistance to antimicrobials used for growth promotion among bacteria isolated from swine, cattle and poultry in Denmark. Resistance to structurally related therapeutic agents was also examined. Three categories of bacteria were tested: 1) indicator bacteria (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium), 2) zoonotic bacteria (Campylobacter, Salmonella, Yersinia enterocolitica), and 3) animal pathogens (E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), Staphylococcus hyicus, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae). All antimicrobials used as growth promoters in Denmark and some structurally related therapeutic agents (in brackets) were included: Avilamycin, avoparcin (vancomycin), bacitracin, carbadox, flavomycin, monensin, olaquindox, salinomycin, spiramycin (erythromycin, lincomycin), tylosin (erythromycin, lincomycin), and virginiamycin (pristinamycin). Bacterial species intrinsically resistant to an antimicrobial were not tested towards that antimicrobial. Breakpoints for growth promoters were established by population distribution of the bacteria tested. A total of 2,372 bacterial isolates collected during October 1995 to September 1996 were included in the study. Acquired resistance to all currently used growth promoting antimicrobials was found. A frequent occurrence of resistance were observed to avilamycin, avoparcin, bacitracin, flavomycin, spiramycin, tylosin and virginiamycin, whereas resistance to carbadox, monensin, olaquindox and salinomycin was less frequent. The occurrence of resistance varied by animal origin and bacterial species. The highest levels of resistance was observed among enterococci, whereas less resistance was observed among zoonotic bacteria and bacteria pathogenic to animals. The association between the occurrence of resistance and the consumption of the antimicrobial is discussed. The results show the present level of resistance to growth promoters in bacteria from food animals in Denmark. They will form the baseline for comparison with future prospective studies, thereby enabling the determination of trends over time.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from food animals to antimicrobial growth promoters and related therapeutic agents in Denmark

Aarestrup¹,

Bager²,

Jensen³

et al. 1998

APMIS

189

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…An important part of understanding and controlling antimicrobial resistance is the establishment of surveillance systems for antimicrobial resistance to enable timely action to be taken. Monitoring systems for antimicrobial resistance have previously been described for bacterial isolates from humans ( 5 , 8 , 52,53,78,104) and animals (6,63,124) in other countries. However, a limiting factor of these systems has been that they only monitored resistance among a limited number of pathogenic bacterial species from clinical infections.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance to antimicrobial agents used for animal therapy in pathogenic‐, zoonotic‐ and indicator bacteria isolated from different food animals in Denmark: a baseline study for the Danish Integrated Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring Programme (DANMAP)

Aarestrup¹,

Bager²,

Jensen³

et al. 1998

APMIS

143

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Resistance to antimicrobial agents used for animal therapy in pathogenic-, zoonotic-and indicator bacteria isolated from different food animals in Denmark: a baseline study for the Danish Integrated Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring Programme (DANMAP). APMIS 106: 745-770, 1998. This study describes the establishment and first results of a continuous surveillance system of antimicrobial resistance among bacteria isolated from pigs, cattle and broilers in Denmark. The three categories of bacteria tested were: 1) indicator bacteria (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium), 2) zoonotic bacteria (Campylobacter coli/jejuni, Salmonella enterica, Yersinia enterocolitica), and 3) animal pathogens (E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), Staphylococcus hyicus, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae). A total of 3304 bacterial isolates collected from October 1995 through December 1996 were tested for susceptibility to all major classes of antimicrobial agents used for therapy in Denmark. Bacterial species intrinsically resistant to an antimicrobial were not tested towards that antimicrobial. Acquired resistance to all antimicrobials was found. The occurrence of resistance varied by animal origin and bacterial species. In general, resistance was observed more frequently among isolates from pigs than from cattle and broilers. The association between the occurrence of resistance and the consumption of the antimicrobial is discussed, as is the occurrence of resistance in other countries. The results of this study show the present level of resistance to antimicrobial agents among a number of bacterial species isolated from food animals in Denmark. Thus, the baseline for comparison with future prospective studies has been established, enabling the determination of trends over time.

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“…32 The finding of an association between use of fluoroquinolones alone (ie, ciprofloxacin or ofloxacin) and lower 30-day mortality is surprising given reported in vitro resistance of S pneumoniae to ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin, ranging from to 3% to 32%. [33][34][35] However, reported in vitro resistance of S pneumoniae to fluoroquinolones may be attributed to minimum inhibitory concentrations that overlap susceptibility break points and not to in vivo drug resistance. 36 Our findings may underestimate the actual survival benefit of this class of antimicrobial agents given that many of the newer fluoroquinolones (eg, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, and gemifloxacin) have greater activity against S pneumoniae and S aureus, in addition to providing excellent coverage of the atypical bacterial pathogens.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations Between Initial Antimicrobial Therapy and Medical Outcomes for Hospitalized Elderly Patients With Pneumonia

Gleason¹,

Meehan²,

Fine³

et al. 1999

Arch Intern Med

452

235

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Fluoroquinolone (Lomefloxacin) International Surveillance Trial: A report of 30 months of monitoring in vitro activity

Cited by 16 publications

References 40 publications

Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from food animals to antimicrobial growth promoters and related therapeutic agents in Denmark

Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from food animals to antimicrobial growth promoters and related therapeutic agents in Denmark

Resistance to antimicrobial agents used for animal therapy in pathogenic‐, zoonotic‐ and indicator bacteria isolated from different food animals in Denmark: a baseline study for the Danish Integrated Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring Programme (DANMAP)

Associations Between Initial Antimicrobial Therapy and Medical Outcomes for Hospitalized Elderly Patients With Pneumonia

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