Fluoroquinolone resistance among Gram-positive cocci

Surveillance of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Clinical Isolates of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>

“…In Gram-positive cocci, mutations in parC are seen commonly in fluoroquinolone-resistant strains, and it is well-known that these mutations precede mutations in gyrA [16,17]. The inverse, i.e., that mutations in gyrA precede mutations in parC, is typically seen in Gram-negative bacteria.…”

Mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions of gyrA and parC in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from Brazil

“…In countries with extensive clinical use of quinolones, fluoroquinolone resistance has been a problem in clinical medicine for its limiting of available agents in the treatment of many types of infection (1,7,15,23). QepA and OqxAB, belonging to the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporters (6,27).…”

Fluoroquinolone susceptibilities to methicillin-resistant and susceptible coagulase-negative Staphylococcus isolated from eye infection

“…These antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin) provide: broad-spectrum coverage against most aerobic gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, low toxicity, safety, good ocular surface penetration, prolonged tear film concentration, stability at room temperature, and good availability (5,10) . Unfortunately, recent reports of bacterial resistance to these second generation fluoroquinolones have had an impact on their acceptance, with a decrease in their use and the introduction of the fourth generation fluoroquinolones as an alternative to increase the spectrum of action, mostly against gram-positive cocci (5,(10)(11)(12)(13)(14) .…”

“…These newer fluoroquinolones are less prone to encourage the development of resistance on a number of fronts, primarily because of their higher activity against gram-positive pathogens, but for other reasons as well, such as the necessity of two mutations: one in the topoisomerase IV and a second in the DNA gyrase gene (12) .…”