Fluridone and acetochlor cause unacceptable injury to pumpkin

Ferebee, J. Harrison; Cahoon, Charles W.; Besançon, Thierry E.; Flessner, Michael L.; Langston, David B.; Hines, Thomas E.; Blake, Hunter B.; Askew, M. Carter

doi:10.1017/wet.2019.42

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The large diversity of genetic background and seed size of cucurbitaceous crops results in a broad range of interspecific and intervarietal tolerance to soil-applied herbicides, as demonstrated by previous studies on pumpkin (Ferebee et al 2019), summer squash (Grey et al 2000b;Sosnoskie et al 2008;Trader et al 2008;Webster et al 2003), watermelon (Grey et al 2000a;Macrae et al 2008), cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L.) (Johnson and Mullinix 2005), or cucumber (Peachey et al 2012). However, the use of multiple, effective herbicide sites of action (SOAs) is one of several weed management strategies that could alleviate the rapid spread of resistance to herbicides (Norsworthy et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

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Weed control and crop tolerance with S-metolachlor in seeded summer squash and cucumber

2020

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Abstract Residual herbicides remain the primary tool for efficient weed control in cucurbit crops because of the lack of crop tolerance to many POST herbicide options. Field experiments were conducted in New Jersey in 2018 and 2019 to determine weed control efficacy and tolerance of direct-seeded cucumber ‘Python‘ and summer squash ’Gold Prize‘ to S-metolachlor applied at 0.7 or 1.4 kg ai ha-1 at planting (PRE) or when crops reached the 2nd to 3rd leaf stage (EPOST). Regardless of applied rate, S-metolachlor PRE or EPOST provided 96 to 100% control 3 wk after planting (WAP) of smooth pigweed, large crabgrass, and giant foxtail. S-metolachlor PRE significantly improved American black nightshade and carpetweed control 3 WAP with respect to bensulide, and smooth pigweed with respect to clomazone + ethalfluralin. Summer squash showed excellent tolerance, regardless of S-metolachlor rate or timing of application, with stunting not exceeding 17% 4 WAP and 3% 7 WAP at the 1.4 kg ha-1 rate. Marketable yield decreased by 15% with S-metolachlor PRE or POST at 1.4 kg ha-1 with respect to clomazone + ethalfluralin, a reduction not noted when comparing to bensulide or the handweeded control. Marketable fruit number per plant and individual fruit weight were not affected by Smetolachlor applications. Conversely, cucumber was more sensitive to S-metolachlor than summer squash with 30% seedling emergence reduction and 36 to 43% stunting 4 WAP when S-metolachlor was applied PRE at 1.4 kg ha-1. EPOST application resulted in 15 to 26% cucumber injury 1 wk after treatment (WAT). Marketable yield declined by 21 and 39% with the 0.7 and 1.4 kg ha-1 rates of S-metolachlor, respectively, compared to clomazone + ethalfluralin. Therefore, S-metolachlor may be a novel alternative to already labeled residual herbicides for summer squash but would cause unacceptable injury and yield reduction for supporting its registration on cucumber.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Squash tolerance to S-metolachlor applied PRE was also noted on pumpkin, with no more than 3% injury 4 WAP at a 0.9 kg ha −1 rate in two Virginia trials (Ferebee et al 2019). Sosnoskie et al (2008) reported an average 20% summer squash yield reduction with S-metolachlor PRE at 0.5 or 1 kg ha −1 but no effect with POST application at the same rates.…”

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confidence: 82%

Weed control and crop tolerance with S-metolachlor in seeded summer squash and cucumber

2020

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“…The CS formulation is a polymer coated product that slowly releases acetochlor over time which provides longer residual weed control and improved crop safety (Cahoon et al, 2015;Fogleman et al, 2018;Li et al, 2008;Rao, 2000). However, other studies have found little to no differences among acetochlor formulations (Ferebee et al, 2019;Jursik et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Impact of Acetochlor Rate and Application Timing on Multiple-Herbicide-Resistant Waterhemp Control in Corn and Soybean

Symington¹,

Soltani²,

Kaastra³

et al. 2023

JAS

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Documented 6-way (Groups 2, 4, 5, 9, 14, and 27) and 5-way (Groups 2, 5, 9, 14, and 27) multiple-herbicide-resistant (MHR) waterhemp have been confirmed in the US and Canada, respectively causing corn and soybean yield losses > 70%. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of acetochlor application timing and rate on non-emerged MHR waterhemp control in corn and soybean. Acetochlor is not yet registered in Canada, but it could be useful component of an integrated MHR waterhemp control program. Two studies, one in corn and one in soybean, were conducted in southwestern Ontario, Canada from 2020 to 2022. Three rates of acetochlor were applied preplant (PP), preemergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST) to non-emerged waterhemp. In corn, acetochlor [Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC)] applied at 1,225, 2,100 and 2,950 g ai ha-1 controlled MHR waterhemp 81, 85, and 90%, respectively, at 8 weeks after POST application (WAC). Acetochlor EC applied POST or PRE provided better control than when applied PP at 4, 8, and 12 WAC. In soybean, acetochlor [Capsule suspension (CS)] applied at 1,050, 1,375, and 1,700 g ai ha-1 controlled MHR waterhemp 63, 70, and 74%, respectively, at 8 WAC. The timing of acetochlor CS application did not affect MHR waterhemp control. Acetochlor applied at the low, medium, and high rate reduced waterhemp density by 87, 89, and 92% in corn, and by 82, 84, and 87% in soybean, respectively. The high rate of acetochlor provides acceptable control of MHR waterhemp in corn; control in soybean was inadequate.

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“…Stunting, when it was observed, did not result in yield reductions under the conditions of the trials. Ferebee et al (2019) found that pumpkin treated with S-metolachlor POST directly over the tops of rows were the best yielding plots (4356 fruits/acre). Sosnoskie et al (2008) found that S-metolachlor PRE at 0.45 to 0.89 lb/acre decreased summer squash yield up to 20%, whereas POST application 3 weeks after planting (WAP) at 0.45 lb/acre did not reduce yield.…”

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confidence: 94%

Varietal Tolerance of Cucurbitaceous Crops with S-metolachlor Applied Postemergence

Vollmer,

Sosnoskie,

VanGessel

et al. 2024

hortte

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Cucurbit crops comprise ∼25% of the vegetable acreage in the mid-Atlantic and Northeastern United States. However, options for postemergence weed control in these crops are limited. Overlapping herbicides is a technique that involves sequential applications of soil-applied residual herbicides to lengthen herbicidal activity before the first herbicide dissipates. Residual herbicides such as S-metolachlor will not control emerged weeds, but weed control efficacy may be extended if these herbicides are applied after crop emergence, but before weed emergence occurs. Currently S-metolachlor is not labeled for broadcast applications over cucurbit crops. Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate pumpkin, cucumber, and summer squash variety response to varying S-metolachlor rates. S-metolachlor was applied at 1.42 and 2.85 lb/acre at the two-leaf stage of pumpkin and 0.71, 1.42, 2.85, and 5.7 lb/acre at the two-leaf stage of cucumber and summer squash. Cucumber showed a greater response to S-metolachlor with up to 67% injury observed at 5.70 lb/acre. S-metolachlor applications to pumpkin and summer squash resulted in less than 6% injury, regardless of application rate or crop variety. S-metolachlor applied at 2.85 lb/acre reduced pumpkin and cucumber dry weight 6% and 19%, respectively, but did not reduce squash dry weight. S-metolachlor reduced cucumber dry weight 78% for all varieties. Pumpkin varieties ‘Munchkin’ and ‘Baby Bear’ exhibited a 23% difference in dry weight, but no other differences were observed among other varieties because of S-metolachlor applications. Summer squash varieties ‘Respect’ and ‘Golden Glory’ exhibited a 31% difference in dry weight, but no other differences were observed among other varieties. Results show that pumpkin and summer squash demonstrated good crop safety when S-metolachlor was applied as a broadcast treatment after crop emergence. However, caution should be urged when applying this herbicide to cucumber.

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Fluridone and acetochlor cause unacceptable injury to pumpkin

Cited by 9 publications

References 22 publications

Weed control and crop tolerance with S-metolachlor in seeded summer squash and cucumber

Weed control and crop tolerance with S-metolachlor in seeded summer squash and cucumber

Impact of Acetochlor Rate and Application Timing on Multiple-Herbicide-Resistant Waterhemp Control in Corn and Soybean

Varietal Tolerance of Cucurbitaceous Crops with S-metolachlor Applied Postemergence

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