Fluvoxamine

Abstract

Fluvoxamine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) which may be used for the management of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Absorption of fluvoxamine was similar in adolescents to that in adults, which suggests that the maximum dosage of the drug for patients aged between 12 and 17 years can be as high as 300 mg/day. However, steady-state plasma fluvoxamine [corrected] concentrations were 2 to 3 times higher in children (aged between 6 and 11 years) than in adolescents; thus, the maximum fluvoxamine dosage recommended for children is 200 mg/day. Fluvoxamine (50 to 300 mg/day) for 8 to 16 weeks significantly reduced symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) [measured across multiple assessment scales] compared with placebo in a well controlled trial in paediatric patients (n = 120) or from baseline in noncomparative trials in adolescent (n = 20) or paediatric (n = 16) patients. Improvements with fluvoxamine (up to 200 mg/day) were observed for up to 1 year in 98 patients with OCD in a noncomparative trial. The drug (up to 250 or 300 mg/day) also improved symptoms of anxiety compared with placebo in an 8-week well controlled trial in 128 paediatric patients with social phobia, separation anxiety disorder or generalised anxiety disorder (GAD). Fluvoxamine (50 to 300 mg/day) appears to be well tolerated in paediatric patients, with most adverse events with the drug (except abdominal discomfort, which occurred more often in patients receiving fluvoxamine) occurring with a similar incidence to those with placebo. The most common adverse events involved the central nervous system or gastrointestinal system. Most adverse events reported by paediatric patients with OCD were similar to those reported by adults. In conclusion, fluvoxamine is generally well tolerated and has demonstrated short-term efficacy compared with placebo in the treatment of OCD, and social phobia, separation anxiety disorder or GAD in well controlled trials in paediatric patients. Reductions in symptoms of anxiety with fluvoxamine have been observed for up to 1 year in children and adolescents with OCD. However, there are currently no comparative trials of fluvoxamine with other pharmacological agents. In the absence of such trials, current consensus opinion recommends that when pharmacotherapy is indicated, fluvoxamine, like other SSRIs, can be used as first-line treatment for anxiety disorders, particularly OCD, in paediatric patients. However, direct comparisons are required to assess the relative efficacy and tolerability of pharmacological agents in order to make firm recommendations for the treatment of anxiety disorders in this patient group.

Excessive Mood Elevation and Behavioral Activation with Antidepressant Treatment of Juvenile Depressive and Anxiety Disorders: A Systematic Review

“…Symptoms of excessive arousal and even mania have been associated with AD treatment of juvenile anxiety disorder patients, though rarely in adults [6]. For both depressive and anxiety disorder patients, questions remain as to whether such effects represent adverse drug reactions or if anxiety syndromes as well as depression may sometimes precede spontaneous BPD, especially in juveniles [28,29,30,31]. Much of the available information about risks involved has -relied on passively and incidentally identified adverse events in treatment trials rather than on direct investigation of defined responses as a specified research outcome measure, as noted in recent reviews [8,11].…”