Flux of selected body fluid constituents and benzylpenicillin in polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAAG)

Abstract

The polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAAG) Aquamid® (Contura International A/S Soeborg, Denmark) is one of the new macromolecules that are used as implants and tissue fillers in reconstruction and aesthetic surgery. This study showed, by means of radioactive isotope methods, that PAAG can exchange both physiological and non-physiological constituents very efficiently with the surrounding medium. The efflux (J, mole/(cm(2)× s), 25 °C, pH 7.2) of water (4.4 × 10(-5) ), chloride (2.4 × 10(-7) ), urea (1.0 × 10(-9) ), and glucose (1.1 × 10(-9) ) was 3-40x greater than in human red blood cells. PAAG was also accessible to sucrose, inulin, and benzylpenicillin that could not permeate biological cell membranes. The conclusion of the study is that the hydrogel structure created no significant barrier to the exchange of solvent and solutes with the surrounding medium.

Bacterial biofilm formation and treatment in soft tissue fillers

“…Even high successive doses of tobramycin and rifampicin failed to eradicate the bacteria harbored in the gel, in spite of the administration of 100 times the MIC value once a day for 7 days. The PAAG has demonstrated host vessel ingrowth in an porcine model (Christensen et al ., ), and it has been shown that this hydrogel is capable of exchanging physiological and nonphysiological constituents like benzylpenicillin very efficiently with the surrounding medium (Brahm et al ., ). This means that the antibiotics had full access to the bacteria and that their protection against these antibiotics was most likely explained by the enhanced biofilm mode of growth, which we observed in the microscope (Figs and ).…”

Breastfeeding difficulty after polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAAG) mediated breast augmentation

“…PAAG is mainly composed of 2.5% polymerized (cross-linked) polyacrylamide in non-pyrogenic water [17] . The high water content of PAAG allows the material to assimilate into the connective tissues of the mammary glands.…”

In horses with osteoarthritis is treatment with intra-articular polyacrylamide gel more likely to reduce the severity of clinical signs associated with lameness when compared to treatment with intra-articular corticosteroid?

“…Polyacrylamide gel is a synthetic non-degradable, biocompatible and non-toxic substance with waterexchanging abilities (Zarini et al, 2004;and Brahm et al, 2012). It is a relatively recent addition to the clinician's options when considering treatments for OA.…”