Fluxes of Organic Carbon and Biogenic Silica Reaching the Seafloor: A Comparison of High Northern and Southern Latitudes of the Atlantic Ocean

Schlüter, Michael; Sauter, Eberhard; Schulz–Bull, Detlef E.; Balzer, Wolfgang; Suess, Erwin

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-56876-3_14

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…[19] The time series of biogenic opal in JM99-1200 mirrors the general pattern in the Nordic seas and shows no glacial-interglacial variations ( Figure 2). As in JM99-1200, biogenic opal contents in Nordic seas surface sediments do not exceed 2% in general [Schlüter and Sauter, 2000;Schlüter et al, 2001;Matthiessen et al, 2001]. Considering the relative abundance of carbonate and opal in the sediments, a strong predominance of the carbonate flux is evident for the Nordic seas [Peinert et al, 2001].…”

Section: Biogenic Opal Time Seriesmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Considering the relative abundance of carbonate and opal in the sediments, a strong predominance of the carbonate flux is evident for the Nordic seas [Peinert et al, 2001]. The low biogenic opal abundance is most likely due to dissolution processes [von Bodungen et al, 1995], suggesting an almost negligible contribution to the burial of biogenic opal in Nordic Sea sediments [Schlüter et al, 2001]. In contrast to the Southern Ocean, where biogenic opal records were used to estimate changes in paleoproductivity [e.g., Bonn et al, 1998], small-scale fluctuations of biogenic opal in the Nordic seas are not easily related to primary production in the photic zone.…”

Section: Biogenic Opal Time Seriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A deglacial–middle Holocene record of biogenic sedimentation and paleoproductivity changes from the northern Norwegian continental shelf

et al. 2003

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The relative proportions of marine organic carbon and biogenic carbonate in a high‐resolution record from a glacial trough on the northern Norwegian continental shelf were used to decipher changes in biogenic sedimentation and paleoproductivity from the last deglaciation to the middle Holocene. Decadal‐scale to century‐scale oscillations in biogenic sedimentation and surface ocean productivity recorded in the Andfjorden sediments are synchronous with abrupt climate changes in open oceanic and atmospheric regimes of the high northern latitudes. Following several fluctuations during the Bølling‐Allerød interstadial, the most dramatic drop in marine organic carbon and biogenic carbonate proportions occurred during the Younger Dryas. However, many short‐term and low‐amplitude events during the Preboreal and the Holocene have also affected biogenic sedimentation in the outer Andfjorden. Apparently, these abrupt changes in biogenic sedimentation were caused by the suppression of a potential upwelling center in the outer Andfjorden by variable Atlantic Water inflow over the past 14,000 years. The adjustment of decadal high‐productivity coastal systems to freshwater‐forced multiple cooling events during the late glacial to middle Holocene highlights the impact of global climate changes on the climate‐sensitive local ecosystems off coastal Norway.

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Section: Biogenic Opal Time Seriesmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Biogenic Opal Time Seriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A deglacial–middle Holocene record of biogenic sedimentation and paleoproductivity changes from the northern Norwegian continental shelf

et al. 2003

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“…Such site-specific differences in dissolution of biogenic silica has been reported by Rickert et al (2002) who found a factor of 10 lower dissolution of silica in the Southern Ocean as compared to the Norwegian Sea, related to differences in the reactivity of diatom shells. Species-specific differences in the dissolution of diatom frustules (Kohly, 1998), and strong differences in reactivity of biogenic silica linked to the structural integrity, organic coating and detrital minerals are manifested in higher silica contents of Southern Ocean sediments as compared to similar latitudes in the North Atlantic (Schlüter et al, 2000).…”

Section: Factors Affecting Differences In Solubilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solubilization of particles in sediment traps: revising the stoichiometry of mixed layer export

Antia¹

2005

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. Sinking particles, once caught in sediment trap jars, release dissolved elements into the surrounding medium through leaching from their pore fluids, chemical dissolution and the activity of free exoenzymes. This results in an increase in dissolved elements in the trap jar supernatant. Elemental fluxes as traditionally measured by sediment traps underestimate total export when this particle-associated dissolved flux is not considered. The errors introduced are variable and alter both the absolute levels of flux as well as the stoichiometry of export. These errors have been quantified and corrections applied for samples from sediment traps in the North Atlantic based on measurements of excess dissolved carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, silica and calcium in the supernatant of the collection cups. At the base of the winter mixed layer, on average 90±6% of phosphorus fluxes are found as excess phosphate whereas for carbon and nitrogen dissolved concentrations account for 30 (±8)% and 47(±11)% of total fluxes respectively. Excess dissolved silica is on average 61 (±17)% of total biogenic silica flux. Little (<10%) of calcium is solubilized. The proportion of dissolved to total flux decreases with trap deployment depth. Calculations of the C:N:P ratios for particles only are well above the Redfield ratios of 106:16:1 (Redfield et al., 1963), although the mid-water dissolved N:P and N:Si values as well as the C:N:P ratios of remineralisation along isopycnals conform to the Redfield ratios at this site. Accounting for dissolved fluxes of all these elements brings the stoichiometry of export in agreement with the Redfield Ratio and with other geochemical estimates of winter mixed layer export. A factor of 3 to 4 higher ratios of organic: inorganic carbon export also implies that the net atmospheric CO 2 sequestration by the biological pump is about 50% higher at this site when the dissolved elemental fluxes are considered. Solubilization is thus a process that should be accounted for in protocols used to measure vertical fluxes with sediment traps.

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“…Noji et al (2001) found that sequestration of biogenic carbon in the Green− land Sea is constrained by the depth of the winter mixed layer and the bulk of car− bon fixed by photosynthesis into organic compounds in the surface waters is re− tained in the upper few hundred meters of the water column. Most of the organic material produced in the euphotic zone is consumed, respired and remineralized within the upper 200 m. Only approximately 1.2% of the primary production in the northern North Atlantic reaches the seafloor (Schlüter et al 2001). Our measure− ments of the total organic content by loss of ignition are a rather rough measure and do not allow any statement about the nature and sources of organic matter in the surface sediments studied.…”

Section: Iceland Basin Hydrographymentioning

confidence: 90%

Benthic Habitats Around Iceland Investigated During the IceAGE Expeditions

Meißner¹,

Brenke²,

Svavarsson³

2014

Polish Polar Research

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During the IceAGE (Icelandic marine Animals -Genetics and Ecology) expedi− tions in waters around Iceland and the Faroe Islands in 2011 and 2013, visual assessments of habitats and the study of surface sediment characteristics were undertaken in 119-2750 m water depth. Visual inspection was realized by means of an epibenthic sled equipped with a digital underwater video camcorder and a still camera. For determination of surface sedi− ment characteristics a subsample of sediment from box corer samples or different grabs was collected and analyzed in the lab. Muddy bottoms predominated in the deep basins (Iceland Basin, Irminger Basin, deep Norwegian and Iceland Seas), while sand and gravel dominated on the shelves and the ridges, and in areas with high currents. Organic contents were highest in the deep Norwegian and Iceland Seas and in the Iceland Basin, and at these sites dense ag− gregations of mobile epibenthic organisms were observed. Large dropstones were abundant in the Iceland Sea near the shelf and in the Denmark Strait. The dropstones carried diverse, sessile epibenthic fauna, which may be underestimated using traditional sampling gear. The paper supplies new background information for studies based on IceAGE material, espe− cially studies related to ecology and taxonomy.

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Fluxes of Organic Carbon and Biogenic Silica Reaching the Seafloor: A Comparison of High Northern and Southern Latitudes of the Atlantic Ocean

Cited by 9 publications

References 57 publications

A deglacial–middle Holocene record of biogenic sedimentation and paleoproductivity changes from the northern Norwegian continental shelf

A deglacial–middle Holocene record of biogenic sedimentation and paleoproductivity changes from the northern Norwegian continental shelf

Solubilization of particles in sediment traps: revising the stoichiometry of mixed layer export

Benthic Habitats Around Iceland Investigated During the IceAGE Expeditions

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