Fluxes of total reactive atmospheric nitrogen
                        (ΣN&lt;sub&gt;r&lt;/sub&gt;) using eddy covariance above arable land

Brümmer, Christian; Marx, Oliver; Kutsch, Werner L.; Ammann, Christof; Wolff, V.; Fléchard, Christophe; Freibauer, Annette

doi:10.3402/tellusb.v65i0.19770

Cited by 24 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…For another field application of the TRANC-CLD system (cf. Brümmer et al, 2012) with a measurement height of 4.8 m, the damping was already reduced to about 10 % (Fig. 7).…”

Section: High-frequency Damping and Correctionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…In a companion paper, Brümmer et al (2012) report on a multi-month field application of the same system at an agricultural site in Gebesee, Germany, that allowed the quantification of the annual N r exchange budget. Since the maintenance requirements are relatively moderate and mainly concern the supply of operation and calibration gases and occasional cleaning of the converter inner surfaces and filter (depending on the air pollution level at the site), the TRANC-CLD system seems well suited for long-term and integral monitoring the biosphereatmosphere exchange of N r of agricultural ecosystems as well as of (semi-) natural ecosystems like forests.…”

Section: Potential Applications Of the Integral N R Flux System (Outlmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measuring the biosphere-atmosphere exchange of total reactive nitrogen by eddy covariance

Ammann

Wolff

Marx³

et al. 2012

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. The (net) exchange of reactive nitrogen (N r ) with the atmosphere is an important driver for ecosystem productivity and greenhouse gas exchange. The exchange of airborne N r includes various trace compounds that usually require different specific measurement techniques, and up to now fast response instruments suitable for eddy covariance measurements are only available for few of these compounds.Here we present eddy covariance flux measurements with a recently introduced converter (TRANC) for the sum of all N r compounds ( N r ). Measurements were performed over a managed grassland field with phases of net emission and net deposition of N r and alternating dominance of oxidized (NO X ) and reduced species (NH 3 ). Spectral analysis of the eddy covariance data exhibited the existence of covariance function peaks at a reasonable time lag related to the sampling tube residence time under stationary conditions. Using ogive analysis, the high-frequency damping was quantified to 19 %-26 % for a low measurement height of 1.2 m and to about 10 % for 4.8 m measurement height.N r concentrations and fluxes were compared to parallel NO and NO 2 measurements by dynamic chambers and NH 3 measurements by the aerodynamic gradient technique. The average concentration results indicate that the main compounds NO 2 and NH 3 were converted by the TRANC system with an efficiency of near 100 %. With an optimised sample inlet also the fluxes of these compounds were recovered reasonably well including net deposition and net emission phases. The study shows that the TRANC system is suitable for fast response measurements of oxidized and reduced nitrogen compounds and can be used for continuous eddy covariance flux measurements of total reactive nitrogen.

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“…For another field application of the TRANC-CLD system (cf. Brümmer et al, 2012) with a measurement height of 4.8 m, the damping was already reduced to about 10 % (Fig. 7).…”

Section: High-frequency Damping and Correctionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Potential Applications Of the Integral N R Flux System (Outlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring the biosphere-atmosphere exchange of total reactive nitrogen by eddy covariance

Ammann

Wolff

Marx³

et al. 2012

Biogeosciences

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“…In Fig. 3a this inversion height is drawn at SOIL, 1, [187][188][189][190][191][192][193][194][195][196][197][198][199][200][201][202][203][204][205]2015 www.soil-journal.net/1/187/2015/ 1 km height above the ground surface, a typical value for daytime conditions. In a desert or semi-arid region, the height may be higher, and under cloudy conditions or at night it can be substantially lower.…”

Section: Importance Of Measurement Heightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eddy covariance for quantifying trace gas fluxes from soils

Eugster

Merbold

2015

SOIL

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Abstract. Soils are highly complex physical and biological systems, and hence measuring soil gas exchange fluxes with high accuracy and adequate spatial representativity remains a challenge. A technique which has become increasingly popular is the eddy covariance (EC) method. This method takes advantage of the fact that surface fluxes are mixed into the near-surface atmosphere via turbulence. As a consequence, measurements with an EC system can be done at some distance above the surface, providing accurate and spatially integrated flux density estimates. In this paper we provide a basic overview targeting scientists who are not familiar with the EC method. This review gives examples of successful deployments from a wide variety of ecosystems. The primary focus is on the three major greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ), and nitrous oxide (N 2 O). Several limitations to the application of EC systems exist, requiring a careful experimental design, which we discuss in detail. Thereby we group these experiments into two main classes: (1) manipulative experiments, and (2) survey-type experiments. Recommendations and examples of successful studies using various approaches are given, including the combination of EC flux measurements with online measurements of stable isotopes. We conclude that EC should not be considered a substitute to traditional (e.g., chamber based) flux measurements but instead an addition to them. The greatest strength of EC measurements in soil science are (1) their uninterrupted continuous measurement of gas concentrations and fluxes that can also capture short-term bursts of fluxes that easily could be missed by other methods and (2) the spatial integration covering the ecosystem scale (several square meters to hectares), thereby integrating over small-scale heterogeneity in the soil.

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“…The purpose of this paper is the presentation of the converter, its characteristics and results of performance tests. Validation and long-term application of the converter for EC flux measurements is presented in companion papers by Ammann et al (2012) and Brümmer et al (2012b).…”

Section: Motivation and Objectives Of Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 (panels a and b). These data were taken from a field campaign conducted at an agricultural site in Gebesee, Germany, which will be described in more detail in Brümmer et al (2012b). R 2 values from the correlation between the given calibration gas concentration and the corresponding CLD signals of single 8-day periods were ranging between 0.81 and 0.99 with R 2 = 0.98 for the averaged fit (n = 30 for each gas concentration).…”

Section: General Calibration and No 2 Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TRANC – a novel fast-response converter to measure total reactive atmospheric nitrogen

Marx¹,

Brümmer

Ammann

et al. 2012

Atmos. Meas. Tech.

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Abstract. The input and loss of plant available nitrogen (reactive nitrogen: N r ) from/to the atmosphere can be an important factor for the productivity of ecosystems and thus for its carbon and greenhouse gas exchange. We present a novel converter for reactive nitrogen (TRANC: Total Reactive Atmospheric Nitrogen Converter), which offers the opportunity to quantify the sum of all airborne reactive nitrogen compounds ( N r ) in high time resolution. The basic concept of the TRANC is the full conversion of all N r to nitrogen monoxide (NO) within two reaction steps. Initially, reduced N r compounds are being oxidised, and oxidised N r compounds are thermally converted to lower oxidation states. Particulate N r is being sublimated and oxidised or reduced afterwards. In a second step, remaining higher nitrogen oxides or those generated in the first step are catalytically converted to NO with carbon monoxide used as reduction gas. The converter is combined with a fast response chemiluminescence detector (CLD) for NO analysis and its performance was tested for the most relevant gaseous and particulate N r species under both laboratory and field conditions. Recovery rates during laboratory tests for NH 3 and NO 2 were found to be 95 and 99 %, respectively, and 97 % when the two gases were combined. In-field longterm stability over an 11-month period was approved by a value of 91 % for NO 2 . Effective conversion was also found for ammonium and nitrate containing particles. The recovery rate of total ambient N r was tested against the sum of individual measurements of NH 3 , HNO 3 , HONO, NH + 4 , NO − 3 , and NO x using a combination of different well-established devices. The results show that the TRANC-CLD system precisely captures fluctuations in N r concentrations and also matches the sum of all individual N r compounds measured by the different single techniques. The TRANC features a specific design with very short distance between the sample air inlet and the place where the thermal and catalytic conversions to NO occur. This assures a short residence time of the sample air inside the instrument, and minimises wall sorption problems of water soluble compounds. The fast response time (e-folding times of 0.30 to 0.35 s were found during concentration step changes) and high accuracy in capturing the dominant N r species enables the converter to be used in an eddy covariance setup. Although a source attribution of specific N r compounds is not possible, the TRANC is a new reliable tool for permanent measurements of the net N r flux between ecosystem and atmosphere at a relatively low maintenance and reasonable cost level allowing for diurnal, seasonal and annual investigations.

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Fluxes of total reactive atmospheric nitrogen (ΣN<sub>r</sub>) using eddy covariance above arable land

Cited by 24 publications

References 51 publications

Measuring the biosphere-atmosphere exchange of total reactive nitrogen by eddy covariance

Measuring the biosphere-atmosphere exchange of total reactive nitrogen by eddy covariance

Eddy covariance for quantifying trace gas fluxes from soils

TRANC – a novel fast-response converter to measure total reactive atmospheric nitrogen

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