Fluxgate three-component magnetometers for cost-effective ground, UAV and airborne magnetic surveys for industrial and academic geoscience applications and comparison with current industrial standards through case studies

Gavazzi, Bruno; Maire, Pauline Le; Lépinay, Jeanne Mercier de; Calou, P.; Munschy, Marc

doi:10.1016/j.gete.2019.03.002

Cited by 37 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth overall precision of 1-2 nT which is suitable for geoscience applications. A graphical illustration of the similarities of the quality of the data set can be found in Gavazzi et al (2019) in which the overlapping part of the data set is shown to present similar results.…”

Section: 1029/2019jb018870mentioning

confidence: 84%

On the Use of Aeromagnetism for Geological Interpretation: 1. Comparison of Scalar and Vector Magnetometers for Aeromagnetic Surveys and an Equivalent Source Interpolator for Combining, Gridding, and Transforming Fixed Altitude and Draping Data Sets

et al. 2020

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Airborne magnetic surveys are common in geosciences. High‐precision surveys are usually performed at a low altitude, draping the topography, using scalar absolute magnetometers and active compensation systems to correct the disturbances generated by the carrier. Another solution is to measure the total magnetic intensity using vector magnetometers, which allows compensation for aircraft fields to be calculated directly, without compensation systems. This study uses data of an industrial airborne survey and of a vector magnetometer survey with a small overlapping area in the Vosges (France) to compare both data sets and shows that both solutions provide results of the same overall precision. This paper also addresses the issue of combining fixed altitude and draped level data sets as well as topographic effect management by proposing an equivalent source interpolator based on a set of simple dipole sources. A synthetic case shows that the equivalent source interpolator allows to compute grids of the magnetic anomaly as well as potential field transforms from a draped data set with an error level a few orders of magnitude lower than could be obtained with minimum curvature, a classically applied interpolator. The interpolator is also tested on a case study in the Vosges massif of which geological interpretation is presented in Bertrand et al. (2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JB017688). The results confirm the observations made on the synthetic case and show that the equivalent source interpolator is more tolerant to navigation errors (altitude) than minimum curvature and allows more rigorous computation of potential field transforms of draped data sets.

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Section: 1029/2019jb018870mentioning

confidence: 84%

On the Use of Aeromagnetism for Geological Interpretation: 1. Comparison of Scalar and Vector Magnetometers for Aeromagnetic Surveys and an Equivalent Source Interpolator for Combining, Gridding, and Transforming Fixed Altitude and Draping Data Sets

et al. 2020

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“…The fluxgate magnetometer is a three-component vector magnetometer with perpendicular components that measure magnetic fields in all directions. The advantages of this magnetometer include low cost, low weight and low power consumption, making it practical for use mounted on a drone [ 42 , 43 ]. To reduce noise in the magnetic field, we replaced the magnetometer, reducing the sampling rate from 50 to 20 Hz [ 44 ].…”

Section: Experimental Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a Drone Magnetometer System to Military Mine Detection in the Demilitarized Zone

Yoo

Lee

Yong-Kuk

et al. 2021

Sensors

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We propose a magnetometer system fitted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV, or drone) and a data-processing method for detecting metal antipersonnel landmines (M16) in the demilitarized zone (DMZ) in Korea, which is an undeveloped natural environment. The performance of the laser altimeter was improved so that the drone could fly at a low and stable altitude, even in a natural environment with dust and bushes, and a magnetometer was installed on a pendulum to minimize the effects of magnetic noise and vibration from the drone. At a flight altitude of 1 m, the criterion for M16 is 5 nT. Simple low-pass filtering eliminates magnetic swing noise due to pendulum motion, and the moving average method eliminates changes related to the heading of the magnetometer. Magnetic exploration was conducted in an actual mine-removal area near the DMZ in Korea, with nine magnetic anomalies of more than 5 nT detected and a variety of metallic substances found within a 1-m radius of each detection site. The proposed UAV-based landmine detection system is expected to reduce risk to detection personnel and shorten the landmine-detection period by providing accurate scientific information about the detection area prior to military landmine-detection efforts.

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“…The frame configuration is suitable for pilots with little experience in flying magnetic sensors. While others have used fixed suspension methods for UAS-based magnetometry before (e.g., Gavazzi et al, 2019), the fixed suspension design that we propose can easily be used for commercial UAS magnetometer systems, both scalar and vector The box-and-whisker plots show median values (green lines), the first and the third quartiles (horizontal blue lines), the range of the data (1.5 times the interquartile range, whiskers), and outliers (points outside the range).…”

Section: Comparison Of the Different Configurationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Surveys With Unmanned Aerial Systems: Software for Assessing and Comparing the Accuracy of Different Sensor Systems, Suspension Designs and Compensation Methods

Kaub

Keller

Bouligand

et al. 2021

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Fluxgate three-component magnetometers for cost-effective ground, UAV and airborne magnetic surveys for industrial and academic geoscience applications and comparison with current industrial standards through case studies

Cited by 37 publications

References 24 publications

On the Use of Aeromagnetism for Geological Interpretation: 1. Comparison of Scalar and Vector Magnetometers for Aeromagnetic Surveys and an Equivalent Source Interpolator for Combining, Gridding, and Transforming Fixed Altitude and Draping Data Sets

On the Use of Aeromagnetism for Geological Interpretation: 1. Comparison of Scalar and Vector Magnetometers for Aeromagnetic Surveys and an Equivalent Source Interpolator for Combining, Gridding, and Transforming Fixed Altitude and Draping Data Sets

Application of a Drone Magnetometer System to Military Mine Detection in the Demilitarized Zone

Magnetic Surveys With Unmanned Aerial Systems: Software for Assessing and Comparing the Accuracy of Different Sensor Systems, Suspension Designs and Compensation Methods

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