Fly agaric (Amanita muscaria) poisoning, case report and review

Satora, Leszek; Pach, Dorota; Butryn, Beata; Hydzik, Piotr; Balicka-Ślusarczyk, Barbara

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2005.01.005

Cited by 64 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Alterations of time and space perception, auditory and visual hallucinations, and ataxia have been reported [51][52][53][54][55][56]. Rarely, tachycardia, hypertension, mydriasis, or flushing are seen [16,39].…”

Section: Inebriating Syndromesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycetism: A Review of the Recent Literature

Graeme

2014

J. Med. Toxicol.

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Approximately 100 of the known species of mushrooms are poisonous to humans. New toxic mushroom species continue to be identified. Some species initially classified as edible are later reclassified as toxic. This results in a continually expanding list of toxic mushrooms. As new toxic species are identified, some classic teachings about mycetism no longer hold true. As more toxic mushrooms are identified and more toxic syndromes are reported, older classification systems fail to effectively accommodate mycetism. This review provides an update of myscetism and classifies mushroom poisonings by the primary organ system affected, permitting expansion, as new, toxic mushroom species are discovered.

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Section: Inebriating Syndromesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycetism: A Review of the Recent Literature

Graeme

2014

J. Med. Toxicol.

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“…Its symptoms are unsteadiness, dizziness, confusion, nausea, diarrhoea, hallucinations, disorientation in place and time, euphoria or depression, anxiety and mystical experiences. Severe intoxication can progress to coma; lifethreatening respiratory and circulatory disorders may occur [30]. Fatal poisoning is rare.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

GC/MS determination of ibotenic acid and muscimol in the urine of patients intoxicated with Amanita pantherina

et al. 2011

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Ibotenic acid and muscimol are substances which mostly participate in psychotropic properties of Amanita pantherina and Amanita muscaria. They are rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and readily excreted in urine. The poisoning with A. pantherina is in the majority of cases accidental because it can be easily mistaken for the edible species (Amanita rubescens, Amanita spissa and Macrolepiota procera). Intoxication with A. muscaria is mostly intentional for recreational purposes. Prognosis of the poisoning is generally good; lethal cases are rare. Mushroom poisoning is often proved by microscopic examination of spores in the stomach or intestinal content. Authors of this article introduce an instrumental method of proving A. pantherina or A. muscaria poisoning. The article describes the isolation of ibotenic acid and muscimol from urine, the derivatization step and the determination of these compounds by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Isolation of these alkaloids from urine was performed on a strong cation exchanger (Dowex® 50W X8), and the elution and derivatization of the alkaloids were made in one step with ethyl chloroformate in aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide with the addition of ethanol and pyridine. Cycloserine was used as internal standard. By this method, concentrations of ibotenic acid and muscimol in the urine of four persons intoxicated with A. pantherina were determined. In this study, mass spectra of derivatized ibotenic acid and muscimol are shown, and validation of the method is described.

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“…Acute respiratory failure and comatose state are observed very rarely. Prognosis of the poisoning is generally good and lethal cases are rare [9,11,21,22].…”

Section: Tabl 2 Distribution Of Mushroom Intoxication By Monthsmentioning

confidence: 99%