Fly transmission and mating of Trypanosoma brucei brucei strain 427

Peacock, Lori; Ferris, Vanessa; Bailey, Mick; Gibson, Wendy

doi:10.1016/j.molbiopara.2008.04.009

Cited by 38 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Our 427 strain, like many others (Peacock et al, 2008), has lost the ability to differentiate efficiently into PF. PF were grown in SDM79 with 15% fetal calf serum and BF cell were grown in HMI-9 with 10% fetal calf serum media.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 59%

Trypanosoma brucei: Two mitogen activated protein kinase kinases are dispensable for growth and virulence of the bloodstream form

Jensen

Kifer

Parsons

2011

Experimental Parasitology

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Mitogen activated protein kinase cascades function in eukaryotic responses to the environment and stress. Trypanosomatid parasites possess protein kinases with sequences characteristic of kinases in such cascades. In this report we use gene knockouts to demonstrate that two mitogen activated kinase kinase genes, MKK1 (Tb927.3.4860) and MKK5 (Tb927.10.5270), are not essential in the pathogenic bloodstream stage of Trypanosoma brucei, either in vitro or in vivo. Bloodstream forms lacking MKK1 showed decreased growth at 39°C as compared to the parental line. However, unlike its Leishmania orthologue, T. brucei MKK1 does not appear to play a significant role in flagellar biogenesis.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 59%

Trypanosoma brucei: Two mitogen activated protein kinase kinases are dispensable for growth and virulence of the bloodstream form

Jensen

Kifer

Parsons

2011

Experimental Parasitology

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“…34 c Bernhard et al . 56 reported that STIB 900-P contained a wild-type TbAT1 gene; later analysis revealed that in fact the TbAT1 open reading frame contains one coding mutation (G1288C, leading to Gly 430 → Arg).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trypanosoma brucei aquaglyceroporin 2 is a high-affinity transporter for pentamidine and melaminophenyl arsenic drugs and the main genetic determinant of resistance to these drugs

Munday

Eze

Baker

et al. 2013

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

111

166

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ObjectivesTrypanosoma brucei drug transporters include the TbAT1/P2 aminopurine transporter and the high-affinity pentamidine transporter (HAPT1), but the genetic identity of HAPT1 is unknown. We recently reported that loss of T. brucei aquaglyceroporin 2 (TbAQP2) caused melarsoprol/pentamidine cross-resistance (MPXR) in these parasites and the current study aims to delineate the mechanism by which this occurs.MethodsThe TbAQP2 loci of isogenic pairs of drug-susceptible and MPXR strains of T. brucei subspecies were sequenced. Drug susceptibility profiles of trypanosome strains were correlated with expression of mutated TbAQP2 alleles. Pentamidine transport was studied in T. brucei subspecies expressing TbAQP2 variants.ResultsAll MPXR strains examined contained TbAQP2 deletions or rearrangements, regardless of whether the strains were originally adapted in vitro or in vivo to arsenicals or to pentamidine. The MPXR strains and AQP2 knockout strains had lost HAPT1 activity. Reintroduction of TbAQP2 in MPXR trypanosomes restored susceptibility to the drugs and reinstated HAPT1 activity, but did not change the activity of TbAT1/P2. Expression of TbAQP2 sensitized Leishmania mexicana promastigotes 40-fold to pentamidine and >1000-fold to melaminophenyl arsenicals and induced a high-affinity pentamidine transport activity indistinguishable from HAPT1 by Km and inhibitor profile. Grafting the TbAQP2 selectivity filter amino acid residues onto a chimeric allele of AQP2 and AQP3 partly restored susceptibility to pentamidine and an arsenical.ConclusionsTbAQP2 mediates high-affinity uptake of pentamidine and melaminophenyl arsenicals in trypanosomes and TbAQP2 encodes the previously reported HAPT1 activity. This finding establishes TbAQP2 as an important drug transporter.

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“…Tsetse flies were collected using biconical traps [43] during field expeditions between 2009 and 2012 from 49 sites. Sampling details are summarized in Figure 1, Table 1 and Supplementary Material.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetically DistinctGlossina fuscipes fuscipesPopulations in the Lake Kyoga Region of Uganda and Its Relevance for Human African Trypanosomiasis

Echodu

Sistrom

Hyseni³

et al. 2013

BioMed Research International

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Tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) are the sole vectors of Trypanosoma brucei—the agent of human (HAT) and animal (AAT) trypanosomiasis. Glossina fuscipes fuscipes (Gff) is the main vector species in Uganda—the only country where the two forms of HAT disease (rhodesiense and gambiense) occur, with gambiense limited to the northwest. Gff populations cluster in three genetically distinct groups in northern, southern, and western Uganda, respectively, with a contact zone present in central Uganda. Understanding the dynamics of this contact zone is epidemiologically important as the merger of the two diseases is a major health concern. We used mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA data from Gff samples in the contact zone to understand its spatial extent and temporal stability. We show that this zone is relatively narrow, extending through central Uganda along major rivers with south to north introgression but displaying no sex-biased dispersal. Lack of obvious vicariant barriers suggests that either environmental conditions or reciprocal competitive exclusion could explain the patterns of genetic differentiation observed. Lack of admixture between northern and southern populations may prevent the sympatry of the two forms of HAT disease, although continued control efforts are needed to prevent the recolonization of tsetse-free regions by neighboring populations.

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Fly transmission and mating of Trypanosoma brucei brucei strain 427

Cited by 38 publications

References 39 publications

Trypanosoma brucei: Two mitogen activated protein kinase kinases are dispensable for growth and virulence of the bloodstream form

Trypanosoma brucei: Two mitogen activated protein kinase kinases are dispensable for growth and virulence of the bloodstream form

Trypanosoma brucei aquaglyceroporin 2 is a high-affinity transporter for pentamidine and melaminophenyl arsenic drugs and the main genetic determinant of resistance to these drugs

Genetically DistinctGlossina fuscipes fuscipesPopulations in the Lake Kyoga Region of Uganda and Its Relevance for Human African Trypanosomiasis

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