Flying Drones Beyond Visual Line of Sight Using 4g LTE: Issues and Concerns

Ivancic, William D.; Kerczewski, Robert J.; Murawski, Robert; Matheou, Konstantin; Downey, Alan N.

doi:10.1109/icnsurv.2019.8735246

Cited by 39 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…They concluded that interference is a major limiting factor for cellular-connected UAV. Such observations have also been corroborated by other field measurement campaigns [77,[79][80][81][82]. In the field trials of Qualcomm, hundreds of flights were performed on three LTE bands (PCS, AWS, and 700 MHz) at altitude below 120 m to validate the safe operation of the UAV, the completeness and correctness of the logged data, as well as to collect the data sets for final analysis [77].…”

Section: Feasibility Study Of Cellular-connected Uavsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…In particular, as current cellular networks were mainly designed to serve ground users, whose channel characteristics, mobility, operation altitude are quite different from that of UAV users, a seamless 3D coverage in the sky cannot be guaranteed by existing cellular networks. Besides, extensive experiments and simulations have revealed that the severe aerial-ground interference is a another critical issue for cellular-connected UAVs [19,33,75,[77][78][79][80][81][82], as illustrated in Figure 5.…”

Section: Cellular-connected Uavmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Owing to the high flying altitude and thus the increased LoS probability, UAVs are normally capable of receiving signals from several base stations via their side-lobes. Recently, several experiments were performed to validate the feasibility of providing wireless connectivity for UAVs by utilizing the existing LTE networks [19,[77][78][79][80][81][82][83].…”

Section: Feasibility Study Of Cellular-connected Uavmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A survey of prototype and experiment for UAV communications

Song

Zeng

et al. 2021

Sci. China Inf. Sci.

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Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communications have attracted significant attention from both academia and industry. To facilitate the large-scale usage of UAVs for various applications in practice, we provide a comprehensive survey on the prototype and experiment for UAV communications. To this end, we first provide an overview on the general architecture of the prototype and experiment for UAV communications, and then present experimental verification for air-to-ground channel models and UAV energy consumption models. Next, we discuss measurement experiments on two promising paradigms of UAV communications, namely cellular-connected UAVs and UAV-enabled aerial communication platforms. For the former, we focus on the feasibility study and address the interference mitigation issue. For UAV-enabled aerial communication platforms, we present three scenarios, namely UAV-enabled aerial base stations, UAVenabled aerial relays and UAV-enabled aerial data collection/dissemination. Finally, we point out some promising future directions for prototype and experimental measurements of UAV communications.

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Section: Feasibility Study Of Cellular-connected Uavsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Cellular-connected Uavmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Feasibility Study Of Cellular-connected Uavmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A survey of prototype and experiment for UAV communications

Song

Zeng

et al. 2021

Sci. China Inf. Sci.

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“…The latter were summarized in technical report (TR) 36.777 with the focus on LTE networks. A crucial aspect of utilizing LTE for drones in BVLOS operations was addressed in [5], where the authors noted that the command and control availability can be satisfied when only a few aerial UEs operate in the same region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability of UAV Connectivity in Dual-MNO Networks: A Performance Measurement Campaign

Säe

Wiren

Kauppi

et al. 2020

2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)

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Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can be controlled in beyond-visual-line-of-sight use cases via today's commercial mobile network operator (MNO) deployments, such as those based on long-term evolution (LTE) technology. In order to improve the reliability of UAV connectivity, especially in more critical use cases, several MNO networks may be utilized simultaneously. To evaluate this option in typical environments, performance measurements were conducted over two public LTE networks in urban, suburban, and rural areas in/near the city of Tampere, Finland, and at various UAV flight altitudes: 1 m, 15-20 m, and 50 m above the ground. The results indicate that there are distinct benefits in utilizing more than one MNO for improved levels of connection reliability.

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“…This is particularly useful where the cellular network is either unavailable or needs to be assisted to provide the required capacity and coverage. For example, Verizon has developed airborne LTE service for delivering 4G-LTE service in ''coveragedenied environments'' during an emergency management and disaster recovery exercise [3]. Moreover, the Aquila project…”

Section: Introduction a Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous UAV Cells: An Effective Resource Allocation Scheme for Maximum Coverage Performance

et al. 2019

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This paper develops an effective approach for the 3D deployment of a heterogeneous set of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) acting as aerial base stations that provide maximum wireless coverage for ground users in a given geographical area. This problem is addressed in two steps. First, in order to maximize the utilization of each UAV, its optimal flight altitude is found based on the UAV's transmit power which provides maximum coverage radius on the ground. The UAVs are classified into separate groups based on their transmit powers and optimal flight altitudes. Next, given a repository of UAVs belonging to different classes, the proposed technique finds an optimal subset of the available UAVs along with their optimal 3D placement to provide the maximum network coverage for a given area on the ground with the minimum power consumption. This optimization problem is proved to be NP-hard, for which a novel algorithm is proposed to solve the problem. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solution and provide valuable insights into the performance of the Heterogeneous UAV-supported small cell networks. INDEX TERMS Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), heterogeneous UAV base stations (UAV-BSs), coverage maximization, constrained circle packing.

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Flying Drones Beyond Visual Line of Sight Using 4g LTE: Issues and Concerns

Cited by 39 publications

References 3 publications

A survey of prototype and experiment for UAV communications

A survey of prototype and experiment for UAV communications

Reliability of UAV Connectivity in Dual-MNO Networks: A Performance Measurement Campaign

Heterogeneous UAV Cells: An Effective Resource Allocation Scheme for Maximum Coverage Performance

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