“…Remote sensing of electric field, temperature and irradiation was demonstrated using charged particles and fluorescent particles respectively with a spatial resolution down to tens [136], © 2018 Springer Nature; e, Ref. [137], © 2016 OSA of microns [128,131,132]. In this scheme, the trapped particle responds locally to the sensing quantities when it is passing through the region of interest and, determined by the particle's properties, it can react in different degrees of freedom including transverse motion, variations in speed, fluorescence radiation, etc.…”