Flying under pressure: Effects of anxiety on attention and gaze behavior in aviation.

Allsop, Jonathan; Gray, Rob

doi:10.1016/j.jarmac.2014.04.010

Cited by 136 publications

(158 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Fixations were assigned to six areas of interest (external world and the five instruments), based on the AOI screen coordinates. These data were used to calculated AOI transiton frequency, and scanning entropy, which indicates the randomness of scanning behavior, for more information see [10,18].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Performance Similar to previous studies studies [10,19,20] root mean square error (RMSE) of the vertical deviation from the ideal 3 • glideslope was used as the performance metric. In X-Plane, one glideslope dot represents a 0.28 • error.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anxiety Manipulation Anxiety was manipulated using a combination of monetary incentives and ego-threatening instructions, similar manipulations have previously been shown to successfully increase anxiety in a variety of other experiments [10,23,24]. Briefly, for neutral, low-anxiety trials the instruction to participants was simply to perform the best they can.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anxiety has been shown to increase the frequency of fixations on goal-irrelevant stimuli [8] and to reduce the duration of ordinarily long target-focused fixations [5,9,7]. Recently, two studies have examined the effects of anxiety on gaze behavior in aviation tasks [10,11]. Allsop and Gray [10] asked participants to perform a flight landing task in neutral and anxiety conditions after extensive practice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, two studies have examined the effects of anxiety on gaze behavior in aviation tasks [10,11]. Allsop and Gray [10] asked participants to perform a flight landing task in neutral and anxiety conditions after extensive practice. They found that that anxiety led to a higher proportion of eye-movement dwells on the outside world and a lower proportion on cockpit instruments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Effects of anxiety and cognitive load on instrument scanning behavior in a flight simulation

Allsop

Gray

Bülthoff

et al. 2016

2016 IEEE Second Workshop on Eye Tracking and Visualization (ETVIS)

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Previous research has rarely examined the combined influence of anxiety and cognitive load on gaze behavior and performance whilst undertaking complex perceptual-motor tasks. In the current study, participants performed an aviation instrument landing task in neutral and anxiety conditions, while performing a low or high cognitive load auditory n-back task. Both self-reported anxiety and heart rate increased from neutral conditions indicating that anxiety was successfully manipulated. Response accuracy and reaction time for the auditory task indicated that cognitive load was also successfully manipulated. Cognitive load negatively impacted flight performance and the frequency of gaze transitions between areas of interest. Performance was maintained in anxious conditions, with a concomitant decrease in n-back reaction time suggesting that this was due to an increase in mental effort. Analyses of individual responses to the anxiety manipulation revealed that changes in anxiety levels from neutral to anxiety conditions were positively correlated with changes in visual scanning entropy, which is a measure of the randomness of gaze behavior, but only when cognitive load was high. This finding lends support for an interactive effect of cognitive anxiety and cognitive load on attentional control.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Effects of anxiety and cognitive load on instrument scanning behavior in a flight simulation

Allsop

Gray

Bülthoff

et al. 2016

2016 IEEE Second Workshop on Eye Tracking and Visualization (ETVIS)

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Driver glance behaviors and scanning patterns: Applying static and dynamic glance measures to the analysis of curve driving with secondary tasks

Jeong

Kang

Liu

2019

Hum Ftrs & Erg Mfg Svc

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Performing secondary tasks (or non‐driving‐related tasks) while driving on curved roads may be risky and unsafe. The purpose of this study was to explore whether driving safety in situations involving curved roads and secondary tasks can be evaluated using multiple measures of eye movement. We adopted Markov‐based transition algorithms (i.e., transition/stationary probabilities, entropy) to quantify drivers’ dynamic eye movement patterns, in addition to typical static visual measures, such as frequency and duration of glances. The algorithms were evaluated with data from an experiment (Jeong & Liu, 2019) involving multiple road curvatures and stimulus‐response secondary task types. Drivers were more likely to scan only a few areas of interest with a long duration in sharper curves. Total head‐down glance time was longer in less sharp curves in the experiment, but the probability of head‐down glances was higher in sharper curves over the long run. The number of reliable transitions between areas of interest varied with the secondary task type. The visual scanning patterns for visually undemanding tasks were as random as those for visually demanding tasks. Markov‐based measures of dynamic eye movements provided insights to better understand drivers’ underlying mental processes and scanning strategies, compared with typical static measures. The presented methods and results can be useful for in‐vehicle systems design and for further analysis of visual scanning patterns in the transportation domain.

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Interface design on cabin pressurization system affecting pilot's situation awareness: The comparison between digital displays and pointed displays

Zakarija²,

et al. 2019

Hum Ftrs & Erg Mfg Svc

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The fundamental approach to improve pilots’ situation awareness (SA) would be to reorganize and restructure the presentation of information to fit pilot's cognitive model on the flight deck. This would facilitate pilots’ perception, understanding, and projection, hence making it easier to find the relevant targets. Sixty pilots (30 B‐737 pilots and 30 B‐777 pilots) participated in this study to investigate pilots’ SA while interacting with digital displays and moving pointed needle displays on cabin pressurization system. The results have shown significant differences on pilots’ perception, understanding, and overall SA between digital display and pointed display on the flight deck. Pilots significantly preferred the digital design cabin pressurization system, which is consistent with the proximity compatibility principle, and the position of the display on the center instrument panel is easily accessible to both pilots and does not require large head movements. There are some recommendations on the cabin pressurization design including the size of outflow valve position indicator, which should be significantly increased to provided saliency of information; color coding should be used on cabin altitude and differential pressure indicator to mark critical cabin altitude; and standard operating procedures shall include cabin altitude and differential pressure reading by pilot monitoring. The final and completed solution to the issues on the cabin pressurization system is to redesign the scattered pointed displays as integrated digital displays to fit the human‐centered principle.

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Flying under pressure: Effects of anxiety on attention and gaze behavior in aviation.

Cited by 136 publications

References 47 publications

Effects of anxiety and cognitive load on instrument scanning behavior in a flight simulation

Effects of anxiety and cognitive load on instrument scanning behavior in a flight simulation

Driver glance behaviors and scanning patterns: Applying static and dynamic glance measures to the analysis of curve driving with secondary tasks

Interface design on cabin pressurization system affecting pilot's situation awareness: The comparison between digital displays and pointed displays

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