Flywheel Energy Storage Systems Compared to Competing Technologies for Grid Load Mitigation in EV Fast-Charging Applications

Buchroithner, Armin; Wegleiter, Hannes; Schweighofer, Bernhard

doi:10.1109/isie.2018.8433740

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…It must be stressed that sustainable transportation does not only rely on batteries inside the vehicles. The increasing primary electricity supply through volatile sources, in combination with high grid loads caused by charging power demand, requires decentralized electric energy storage [19]. The requirements for these stationary energy storage systems may differ significantly from those of transportation applications.…”

Section: Background Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifetime Analysis of Energy Storage Systems for Sustainable Transportation

et al. 2019

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On the path to a low-carbon future, advancements in energy storage seem to be achieved on a nearly daily basis. However, for the use-case of sustainable transportation, only a handful of technologies can be considered, as these technologies must be reliable, economical, and suitable for transportation applications. This paper describes the characteristics and aging process of two well-established and commercially available technologies, namely Lithium-Ion batteries and supercaps, and one less known system, flywheel energy storage, in the context of public transit buses. Beyond the obvious use-case of onboard energy storage, stationary buffer storage inside the required fast-charging stations for the electric vehicles is also discussed. Calculations and considerations are based on actual zero-emission buses operating in Graz, Austria. The main influencing parameters and effects related to energy storage aging are analyzed in detail.Based on the discussed aging behavior, advantages, disadvantages, and a techno-economic analysis for both use-cases is presented. A final suitability assessment of each energy storage technology concludes the use-case analysis.

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Section: Background Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifetime Analysis of Energy Storage Systems for Sustainable Transportation

et al. 2019

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“…The technology of flywheels for energy storage has significantly advanced with the development of materials technology, bearings, and power electronics [11]. Flywheels with the main characteristics of high power and energy density and high efficiency compete with other storage systems in transportation, military services, space satellites, and in electrical energy storage applications [12,13]. With the storage capacity of up to hundreds of MJ and power ranges from kW to GW, flywheels can perform in a range of vital energy storage applications in an electrical power system [14].…”

Section: Description Of Flywheel Energy Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Carbon and Cost Savings of a Combined Diesel Generator, Solar Photovoltaic, and Flywheel Energy Storage Islanded Grid System

Amiryar

Pullen

2019

Energies

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The use of diesel generators to provide power for islanded grids has been the technology of choice but they generate substantial carbon emissions unless the part or all the fuel comes from a renewable source. Notwithstanding this, the engine must be sized to meet maximum demand and will operate inefficiently at part load most of the time, which is particularly bad for a synchronous constant speed engine. Given the availability of low cost solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, it is very enticing to fit a diesel generator and allow the engine to be turned off during PV generation. However, this combination will not work without some form of energy storage since it takes time for the engine to start, leading to gaps in supply and instability of the system. Lithium-ion batteries are typically considered to be the best solution to this problem because they have a high response rate, costs are lower, and they are available as products. However, they will suffer from the limited cycle and calendar life due to high cycling requirements in the application described. It is, therefore, proposed that a flywheel system could offer a lower lifetime cost alternative since only short duration bridging power storage is needed and flywheels of appropriate design can offer lower power cost than Lithium-ion battery systems. Flywheels are particularly attractive since they have a very high calendar with almost an infinite cycle life and are fully recyclable at the end of life. This research, therefore, presents an assessment of the flywheel energy storage system (FESS) as an alternative to electrochemical batteries to supplement solar PV systems backed up by diesel generators. The model of an islanded PV system combined with a diesel generator and a FESS supplying power to a residential load is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink. The results of the analysis for the cases with and without storage based on a number of different charge-discharge strategies provide evidence to support this hypothesis.

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“…Still, as long as there are advances in material science, the specific energies (and energy densities) of FESS will increase further over time. Though only expected in the distant future, flywheel rotors made of carbon nano-tube technology could result in a radical change in the energy storage sector, revealing a theoretical potential of up to 15 kWh/kg [5]. A comparison of FESS rotors with fossil fuels, which offer an energy density of ~12 kWh/kg and Li-Ion batteries (at ~0.25 kWh/kg) is given in Figure 3.…”

Section: Energy Storage Capabilities Of Rotor Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to gain high specific energy contents in FESS, rotor speeds must be increased (compare Formula (1) in Section 2.1) and the strength of the rotor material must be fully exploited by operating at Figure 1. Typical layout of a non-integrated electromechanical flywheel energy storage system (FESS) [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Experimental Evaluation of a Low-Cost Test Rig for Flywheel Energy Storage Burst Containment Investigation

et al. 2018

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Data related to the performance of burst containments for high-speed rotating machines, such as flywheel energy storage systems (FESS), turbines or electric motors is scarce. However, development of optimized burst containment structures requires statistically significant data, which calls out for low-cost test methods as a strategic development tool. Consequently, a low-cost test rig (so called spin pit) for the investigation of burst containments was designed, with the goal to systematically investigate the performance of different containment structures and materials, in conjunction with the failure mechanisms of different rotors. The gathered data (e.g., burst speed, acceleration, temperature, ambient pressure, etc.) in combination with a post-mortem analysis was used to draw an energy balance and enabled the assessment of the effectiveness of various burst containments.

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Flywheel Energy Storage Systems Compared to Competing Technologies for Grid Load Mitigation in EV Fast-Charging Applications

Cited by 21 publications

References 12 publications

Lifetime Analysis of Energy Storage Systems for Sustainable Transportation

Lifetime Analysis of Energy Storage Systems for Sustainable Transportation

Assessment of the Carbon and Cost Savings of a Combined Diesel Generator, Solar Photovoltaic, and Flywheel Energy Storage Islanded Grid System

Design and Experimental Evaluation of a Low-Cost Test Rig for Flywheel Energy Storage Burst Containment Investigation

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