Flywheel Training Periodization in Team Sports

Beato, Marco; Maroto-Izquierdo, Sergio; Hernández-Davó, José Luis; Raya-González, Javier

doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.732802

Cited by 20 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Considering similarity in protocols, it is possible that study limitations (limited sample size, study design) biased the results and impacted conclusions (Piqueras-Sanchiz et al, 2019). The present findings support previous literature suggesting that higher moments of inertia elicit higher eccentric overload of peak power during flywheel training (Beato et al, 2021;Muñoz-López et al, 2021a). Nonetheless, blindly increasing moments of inertia may not significantly improve eccentric overload obtainedwarranting objective measures of outputs (O'Brien et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

The Effect of Flywheel Inertia on Peak Power and Its Inter-session Reliability During Two Unilateral Hamstring Exercises: Leg Curl and Hip Extension

Keijzer

McErlain-Naylor²,

Beato³

2022

Front. Sports Act. Living

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This study investigated the effect of flywheel moment of inertia (0.029, 0.061, and 0.089 kg·m2) on concentric and eccentric peak power and eccentric:concentric peak power ratio during unilateral flywheel leg curl and hip extension exercises. Moreover, the inter-session reliability of peak power was analyzed during both exercises. Twenty amateur male soccer athletes attended five visits—performing three sets of eight repetitions of either unilateral leg curl or hip extension (all three moments of inertias) during each visit. For the unilateral leg curl, there were no differences in any measure between moments of inertia (p = 0.479) but a higher eccentric than concentric peak power for all moments of inertia (p < 0.001). For the unilateral hip extension, differences between moments of inertia were reported for all measures (p < 0.05). Specifically, the lowest moment of inertia elicited the greatest concentric peak power (p = 0.022), there were no differences with the medium inertia (p = 0.391), and the greatest moment of inertia obtained the greatest eccentric peak power (p = 0.036). Peak power measures obtained acceptable to excellent reliability while the eccentric:concentric ratio reported unacceptable to good reliability for both exercises. A variety of moments of inertia can elicit high eccentric knee flexor demands during unilateral leg curls, whereas higher moments of inertia are needed to achieve an eccentric-overload in peak power during hip extensions. Different exercises may have different inertia-power relationships. Concentric and eccentric peak power measures should continue to inform training, while the eccentric:concentric ratio should not be used.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

The Effect of Flywheel Inertia on Peak Power and Its Inter-session Reliability During Two Unilateral Hamstring Exercises: Leg Curl and Hip Extension

Keijzer

McErlain-Naylor²,

Beato³

2022

Front. Sports Act. Living

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“…The reviews investigating the effect of flywheel training on sprint performance report some inconsistency in attained improvements with elite athletes (e.g., soccer players). To optimize training outcomes, it is recommended practitioners individualize (i.e., create inertia-power or inertia-velocity profiles) and periodize flywheel training using the latest guidelines [5,32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flywheel devices were originally conceived to aid muscle mass maintenance of space travelers exposed to non-gravity environments [1]. More recently, the application of flywheel training as a resistance training method has elicited desirable neuromuscular and task specific adaptations across clinical [2] and sport performance contexts [3][4][5]. Flywheel devices utilize inertial disc(s) which rotate and store energy during the concentric portion according to the achieved rotational speed, inertial load, and machine characteristics [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flywheel training may be especially beneficial for athletic populations [5,14]. When applied within post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) protocols, flywheel methods have shown to be very successful in enhancing strength and physical performance [8,[16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With healthy populations, weekly improvements in force production (>2%) and muscle size (±1%) have been reported after only several weeks of training [12,[29][30][31]. Due to lacking evidencebased guidelines [10], a greater effort has been made towards developing guidelines for monitoring, testing, and periodization of flywheel training [5,32,33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of flywheel training on strength and physical capacities in sporting and healthy populations: An umbrella review

2022

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The aim of this umbrella review was to provide a detailed summary of how flywheel training enhances strength and physical capacities in healthy and athletic populations. The eleven reviews included were analyzed for methodological quality according to the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Review 2 (AMSTAR 2) and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria. Two were systematic reviews, six were systematic reviews with meta-analyses and three were narrative reviews. Although the included reviews support use of flywheel training with athletic and healthy populations, the umbrella review highlights disparity in methodological quality and over-reporting of studies (38 studies were included overall). Flywheel post-activation performance enhancement protocols can effectively enhance strength and physical capacities acutely with athletes and healthy populations. All relevant reviews support flywheel training as a valid alternative to traditional resistance training for enhancing muscular strength, power, and jump performance with untrained and trained populations alike. Similarly, reviews included report flywheel training enhances change of direction performance—although conclusions are based on a limited number of investigations. However, the reviews investigating the effect of flywheel training on sprint performance highlight some inconsistency in attained improvements with elite athletes (e.g., soccer players). To optimize training outcomes, it is recommended practitioners individualize (i.e., create inertia-power or inertia-velocity profiles) and periodize flywheel training using the latest guidelines. This umbrella review provides an analysis of the literature’s strengths and limitations, creating a clear scope for future investigations.

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Concentric Phase Assistance Enhances Eccentric Peak Power During Flywheel Squats: Intersession Reliability and the Linear Relationship Between Concentric and Eccentric Phases

Wren

Beato

McErlain-Naylor

et al. 2023

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

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Background: It remains unknown if flywheel-assisted squats can be reliably utilized to increase power outputs and if such outputs are related. Objectives: To compare assisted and unassisted flywheel squat peak power outputs, determine their reliability, and analyze the relationship of the delta difference between peak power outputs during the squats. Methods: Twenty male athletes attended the laboratory 6 times—performing 3 sets of 8 repetitions of assisted and unassisted squats during 2 familiarization sessions and then 3 sets of 8 repetitions during experimental sessions 3 to 6 (2 sessions for unassisted and assisted squat in randomized order, respectively). Results: Concentric and eccentric peak power were significantly greater during assisted squats (both P < .001, d = 1.59, d = 1.57, respectively). Rating of perceived exertion (P = .23) and eccentric:concentric ratio (P = .094) did not differ between squat conditions. Peak power measures obtained excellent reliability, while rating of perceived exertion and eccentric:concentric ratio estimates were rated as acceptable to good, with greater uncertainty. A large to very large correlation (r = .77) was found between concentric and eccentric peak power delta difference of assisted and unassisted squats. Conclusions: Greater concentric outputs during assisted squats induce greater eccentric outputs and obtain greater mechanical load. Peak power is a reliable metric for monitoring flywheel training, whereas the eccentric:concentric ratio should be used with caution. Eccentric and concentric peak power are strongly related during flywheel squats, evidencing the need to maximize the concentric output to enhance the eccentric output.

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Flywheel Training Periodization in Team Sports

Cited by 20 publications

References 50 publications

The Effect of Flywheel Inertia on Peak Power and Its Inter-session Reliability During Two Unilateral Hamstring Exercises: Leg Curl and Hip Extension

The Effect of Flywheel Inertia on Peak Power and Its Inter-session Reliability During Two Unilateral Hamstring Exercises: Leg Curl and Hip Extension

The effect of flywheel training on strength and physical capacities in sporting and healthy populations: An umbrella review

Concentric Phase Assistance Enhances Eccentric Peak Power During Flywheel Squats: Intersession Reliability and the Linear Relationship Between Concentric and Eccentric Phases

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