FMRI activation to cannabis odor cues is altered in individuals at risk for a cannabis use disorder

Abstract

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Patterns of brain function associated with cannabis cue-reactivity in regular cannabis users: a systematic review of fMRI studies

“…A total of 18 studies were included in this review (Bitter et al 2014;Charboneau et al 2013;Cousijn et al 2013;de Sousa Fernandes Perna et al 2017;Feldstein Ewing and Chung 2013;Filbey and Dunlop 2014;Filbey et al 2016;Filbey et al 2009;Goldman et al 2013;Karoly et al 2019;Kleinhans et al 2020;Kuhns et al 2020;Vingerhoets et al 2016;Wetherill et al 2014;Wetherill et al 2016;Wetherill et al 2015;Yoo et al 2020;Zhou et al 2019).…”

“…The most consistently used fMRI data analysis method was a region of interest approach (ROI; 7 studies), followed by a whole brain approach (5 studies) and by a seed-based connectivity approach (seed/network to whole brain; 3 studies). Some of these studies used multiple methods concurrently: ROI and whole brain (5 studies; Cousijn et al 2013;Goldman et al 2013;Karoly et al 2019;Kleinhans et al 2020;Kuhns et al 2020;Zhou et al 2019).…”

“…We extracted brain function during exposure to CAN vs NEU stimuli, in the following groups: (i) within cannabis users in 12 out of 18 studies (Charboneau et al 2013;Cousijn et al 2013;de Sousa Fernandes Perna et al 2017;Filbey et al 2009;Filbey and Dunlop 2014;Filbey et al 2016;Goldman et al 2013;Karoly et al 2019;Kleinhans et al 2020;Wetherill et al 2014;Wetherill et al 2015) and (ii) between cannabis users and non-using controls in eight studies (Bitter et al 2014;Cousijn et al 2013;de Sousa Fernandes Perna et al 2017;Filbey et al 2016;Kleinhans et al 2020;Kuhns et al 2020;Yoo et al 2020;Zhou et al 2019). We additionally extracted brain function during exposure to CAN vs NEU stimuli between distinct cannabis subgroups, which was reported in 1-2 studies: dependent vs non-dependent users (2 studies) (Filbey and Dunlop 2014;Zhou et al 2019); high vs low problem cannabis use (2 studies) (Cousijn et al 2013;Vingerhoets et al 2016); early vs late cannabis use onset (1 study) (Cousijn et al 2013;Wetherill et al 2016, frequent vs sporadic (n = 1); cannabis use only vs cannabis and tobacco use (Kuhns et al 2020); and male vs female cannabis users (1 study) (Wetherill et al 2015).…”

Sex Differences in Substance Use Disorders: A Neurobiological Perspective

“…Among other brain volumes examined, smaller cerebellar volume was reported in those who use cannabis compared to controls and this effect was greater in females ( 30 ). Another recent study examined the cannabis consumption behavior and fMRI in CbUD subjects; participants were sex-matched with sex ratio of 13:12 (male: female) yet analysis of sex difference was not reported ( 31 ).…”

fNIRS a novel neuroimaging tool to investigate olfaction, olfactory imagery, and crossmodal interactions: a systematic review

“…Olfactory disorders have been associated with social isolation, poor mental and emotional health, decreased ability to detect and avoid environmental hazards, and an increased financial burden associated with funding treatment ( Stevenson, 2009 ; Neuland et al, 2011 ; Croy et al, 2014 ; Erskine and Philpott, 2019 ). Odours and olfactory cues also influence health decision making, food choices and addiction maintenance behaviours ( Tiggemann and Kemps, 2005 ; Patel et al, 2015 ; Kleinhans et al, 2020 ; Roose and Mulier, 2020 ; Sehrig et al, 2020 ). The olfactory sense also has a strong influence on emotion and wellbeing ( Warrenburg, 2005 ).…”