fMRI correlates of cortical specialization and generalization for letter processing

Joseph, Jane E.; Cerullo, Michael A.; Farley, Alison B.; Steinmetz, Nicholas A.; Mier, Catherine R.

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.04.175

Cited by 68 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Interindividual differences in the estimates of the diffusion-model parameters were then linked to differences in brain activation as observed with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during performance of these tasks. In line with the assumptions of the diffusion model and its theoretical application to neuroscience (Heekeren, Marrett, & Ungerleider, 2008), we hypothesized that the drift rate, indicating perceptual evidence accumulation, should be associated with activation in stimuli-specific brain regions, that is, in regions involved in processing of numbers and letters ( Joseph, Cerullo, Farley, Steinmetz, & Mier, 2006;James, James, Jobard, Wong, & Gauthier, 2005;Dehaene, Piazza, Pinel, & Cohen, 2003;Eger, Sterzer, Russ, Giraud, & Kleinschmidt, 2003;Joseph, Gathers, & Piper, 2003), such as the left inferior parietal lobe. This prediction is, for example, supported by studies on monkeys that have modeled neurophysiological data from intracranial recordings as diffusion processes (Ratcliff, Hasegawa, Hasegawa, Smith, & Segraves, 2007;Ratcliff, Cherian, & Segraves, 2003;Kim & Shadlen, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Brain Areas Consistently Linked to Individual Differences in Perceptual Decision-making in Younger as well as Older Adults before and after Training

Kühn

Schmiedek

Schott

et al. 2011

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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Abstract■ Perceptual decision-making performance depends on several cognitive and neural processes. Here, we fit Ratcliffʼs diffusion model to accuracy data and reaction-time distributions from one numerical and one verbal two-choice perceptual-decision task to deconstruct these performance measures into the rate of evidence accumulation (i.e., drift rate), response criterion setting (i.e., boundary separation), and peripheral aspects of performance (i.e., nondecision time). These theoretical processes are then related to individual differences in brain activation by means of multiple regression. The sample consisted of 24 younger and 15 older adults performing the task in fMRI before and after 100 daily 1-hr behavioral training sessions in a multitude of cognitive tasks. Results showed that individual differences in boundary separation were related to striatal activity, whereas differences in drift rate were related to activity in the inferior parietal lobe. These associations were not significantly modified by adult age or perceptual expertise. We conclude that the striatum is involved in regulating response thresholds, whereas the inferior parietal lobe might represent decision-making evidence related to letters and numbers. ■

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Brain Areas Consistently Linked to Individual Differences in Perceptual Decision-making in Younger as well as Older Adults before and after Training

Kühn

Schmiedek

Schott

et al. 2011

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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“…The angular gyrus (AG) is thought to be essential for grapheme-to-phoneme transformations (Horwitz, Rumsey & Donohue, 1998;Joseph, Cerullo, Farley, Steinmetz & Mier, 2006) and is therefore a likely candidate for symbolic number processing. Indeed, Price and Ansari (2011) found that simply viewing and attending to Arabic numerals elicited activation in the left angular gyrus (AG).…”

Section: Number Processing In the Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnitude Processing in Developmental Dyscalculia : A Heterogeneous Learning Disability with Different Cognitive Profiles

Skagerlund¹

2016

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Developmental dyscalculia (DD) is a learning disability that is characterized by severe difficulties with acquiring age-appropriate mathematical skills that cannot be attributed to insufficient education, language skills, or motivation. The prevalence rate is estimated at 3-6%, meaning that a substantial portion of the population struggles to learn mathematics to such a large degree that it affects overall well-being and academic prospects. However, our understanding of the etiology of DD is incomplete and there are competing hypotheses regarding the characteristics of DD and its underlying causal factors. The purpose of the current thesis is to contribute to our understanding of DD from the perspective of cognitive psychology and cognitive neuroscience. To this end, we identify children with DD to identify the cognitive determinants of DD that hamper their ability to learn basic mathematics. It is believed that human beings are endowed with an innate ability to represent numerosities, an ability phylogenetically shared with other species.We investigate whether the purported innate number system plays a role in children with DD insofar as failures in this system may undermine the acquisition of symbolic representations of number. Although some researchers believe DD is a monolithic learning disability that is genetic and neurobiological in origin, the empirical support for various hypotheses suggests that DD may be shaped by heterogeneous characteristics and underlying causes. The present thesis, and the studies presented therein, provides support for the notion that DD is indeed heterogeneous. We identify at least two subtypes of DD that are characterized by specific deficits in number processing, and one subtype that could more aptly be labelled as a mathematical learning disability, the causal factors of which are likely limited to deficits in non-numerical abilities. In addition, we locate candidate neurocognitive correlates that may be dysfunctional in DD.

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“…Thus, fMRI appears to be a promising modality for the evaluation of language function, especially in terms of preoperative planning in order to preserve essential language areas. Various paradigms have been developed for preoperative language mapping in fMRI [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]12,15,16,18,20,21) . However, a systemic study of the efficacy of those paradigms has not been performed 1,2) .…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We know that Broca's area is activated by paradigms such as naming or word generation [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]12,15,16,18,20,21,25,27) . Word generation with the use of fixation as a control is a commonly used paradigm due to its simplicity and ease of task [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]12,15,16,18,20,21,25,27) . The authors quantitatively analyzed the individual data in order to determine which combination would be better for visualization of expressive language areas and showed that the word generation paradigm is an effective paradigm for functionally outlining the frontal language area if fixation is used as a contrast.…”

Section: The Value Of Finding a Paradigm That Can Localize Expressivementioning

confidence: 99%

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Localization of Broca's Area Using Functional MR Imaging: Quantitative Evaluation of Paradigms

Kim

Chung

et al. 2009

J Korean Neurosurg Soc

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Objective : Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is frequently used to localize language areas in a non-invasive manner. Various paradigms for presurgical localization of language areas have been developed, but a systematic quantitative evaluation of the efficiency of those paradigms has not been performed. In the present study, the authors analyzed different language paradigms to see which paradigm is most efficient in localizing frontal language areas. Methods : Five men and five women with no neurological deficits participated (mean age, 24 years) in this study. All volunteers were righthanded. Each subject performed 4 tasks, including fixation (Fix), sentence reading (SR), pseudoword reading (PR), and word generation (WG). Fixation and pseudoword reading were used as contrasts. The functional area was defined as the area(s) with a t-value of more than 3.92 in fMRI with different tasks. To apply an anatomical constraint, we used a brain atlas mapping system, which is available in AFNI, to define the anatomical frontal language area. The numbers of voxels in overlapped area between anatomical and functional area were individually counted in the frontal expressive language area. Results : Of the various combinations, the word generation task was most effective in delineating the frontal expressive language area when fixation was used as a contrast (p<0.05). The sensitivity of this test for localizing Broca's area was 81% and specificity was 70%. Conclusion : Word generation versus fixation could effectively and reliably delineate the frontal language area. A customized effective paradigm should be analyzed in order to evaluate various language functions.

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fMRI correlates of cortical specialization and generalization for letter processing

Cited by 68 publications

References 35 publications

Brain Areas Consistently Linked to Individual Differences in Perceptual Decision-making in Younger as well as Older Adults before and after Training

Brain Areas Consistently Linked to Individual Differences in Perceptual Decision-making in Younger as well as Older Adults before and after Training

Magnitude Processing in Developmental Dyscalculia : A Heterogeneous Learning Disability with Different Cognitive Profiles

Localization of Broca's Area Using Functional MR Imaging: Quantitative Evaluation of Paradigms

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