fMRI of fearful facial affect recognition in panic disorder: The cingulate gyrus–amygdala connection

Pillay, Srinivasan S.; Gruber, Staci A.; Rogowska, Jadwiga; Simpson, Norah; Yurgelun‐Todd, Deborah

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2006.04.007

Cited by 114 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…To date, exaggerated amygdala responsivity to emotional facial expressions has been documented in PTSD (13,14,16) and social phobia (20,23) but not in simple phobia (43) or GAD (present study). More complex fMRI response patterns have been observed in other studies, perhaps owing to differences in the acuteness of the disorder (PTSD) (44), stimulus presentation parameters (i.e., masked vs. unmasked, PTSD) (16,44), and medication status (panic disorder) (45). The relatively small number of subjects assessed in this initial study calls for caution in the interpretation of the present between-group null effect, since such an effect could be due to insufficient statistical power, though we note that the comparison studies referenced above (some showing positive between-group effects) comprised subject samples of similar size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Predictor of Treatment Response to Venlafaxine in Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Whalen

Johnstone

Somerville

et al. 2008

Biological Psychiatry

189

147

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Background-Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) holds promise as a noninvasive means of identifying neural responses that can be used to predict treatment response before beginning a drug trial. Imaging paradigms employing facial expressions as presented stimuli have been shown to activate the amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Here, we sought to determine whether pretreatment amygdala and rostral ACC (rACC) reactivity to facial expressions could predict treatment outcomes in patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Predictor of Treatment Response to Venlafaxine in Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Whalen

Johnstone

Somerville

et al. 2008

Biological Psychiatry

189

147

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This result is in line with previous studies reporting anterior cingulate cortex volume reduction in patients with panic disorder 71,72 and diminished cingulate activity in patients with panic disorder during identification of fearful facial affect compared to healthy controls. 73 Decreased cingulate cortex activity has been hypothesized to be due to a chronic hyperarousal in patients with panic disorder, 74 because decreased cingulate cortex activity appears to be associated with engagement of arousal networks particularly during processing of threat-related stimuli also in other anxiety disorders such as simple phobias and posttraumatic stress disorder. [75][76][77][78] Given that NPS has been found to dose-dependently elicit increased arousal response as detailed above, the NPSR rs324981 T allele increasing NPSR expression and NPS efficacy at NPSR might confer a heightened risk of panic disorder through an elevated level of arousal as reflected by decreased cingulate cortex activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropeptide S receptor gene — converging evidence for a role in panic disorder

et al. 2010

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Animal studies have suggested neuropeptide S (NPS) and its receptor (NPSR) to be involved in the pathogenesis of anxiety-related behavior. In this study, a multilevel approach was applied to further elucidate the role of NPS in the etiology of human anxiety. The functional NPSR A/T (Asn 107 Ile) variant (rs324981) was investigated for association with (1) panic disorder with and without agoraphobia in two large, independent case-control studies, (2) dimensional anxiety traits, (3) autonomic arousal level during a behavioral avoidance test and (4) brain activation correlates of anxiety-related emotional processing in panic disorder. The more active NPSR rs324981 T allele was found to be associated with panic disorder in the female subgroup of patients in both samples as well as in a meta-analytic approach. The T risk allele was further related to elevated anxiety sensitivity, increased heart rate and higher symptom reports during a behavioral avoidance test as well as decreased activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal, lateral orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate cortex during processing of fearful faces in patients with panic disorder. The present results provide converging evidence for a female-dominant role of NPSR gene variation in panic disorder potentially through heightened autonomic arousal and distorted processing of anxiety-relevant emotional stimuli.

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“…Processing of emotionally relevant stimuli occurs in prefrontal cortex, OFC, and amygdala/striatal regions, and has been found to be aberrant in patients with major depression and anxiety disorder (Keedwell et al, 2005;Tremblay et al, 2005;Forbes et al, 2007;Pillay et al, 2006). Comparing AN individuals to psychiatric controls with mood and anxiety findings, as well as normal controls, will eventually be important in determining whether aberrant feeding behaviors are related to more general anxiety and mood phenomena.…”

Section: Limitations/future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Insula Response to Taste Stimuli in Individuals Recovered from Restricting-Type Anorexia Nervosa

Wagner

Aizenstein

Mazurkewicz

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

239

203

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Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an illness characterized by aversion to ingestion of normally palatable foods. We examined whether there is a primary disturbance of taste processing and experience of pleasure using a sucrose/water task in conjunction with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). To avoid confounding effects of illness, 16 women recovered from restricting-type AN were compared to 16 control women (CW). We used a region of interest-based fMRI approach to test the idea that individuals with AN have differential neural activation in primary and secondary taste cortical regions after sucrose and water administration. Compared to CW, individuals recovered from AN showed a significantly lower neural activation of the insula, including the primary cortical taste region, and ventral and dorsal striatum to both sucrose and water. In addition, insular neural activity correlated with pleasantness ratings for sucrose in CW, but not in AN subjects. Altered taste processing may occur in AN, based on differences in activity in insular-striatal circuits. These data provide the first evidence that individuals with AN process taste stimuli differently than controls, based on differences in neural activation patterns.

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fMRI of fearful facial affect recognition in panic disorder: The cingulate gyrus–amygdala connection

Cited by 114 publications

References 37 publications

A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Predictor of Treatment Response to Venlafaxine in Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Predictor of Treatment Response to Venlafaxine in Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Neuropeptide S receptor gene — converging evidence for a role in panic disorder

Altered Insula Response to Taste Stimuli in Individuals Recovered from Restricting-Type Anorexia Nervosa

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