In this paper, the multi-beam line measurement problem is studied, solving the relevant data of different seabed slope and line measurement, and establishing a multi-beam line measurement model based on it, simulating the work of multi-beam line measurement, using ergodic and iterative algorithms, to achieve the best line measurement path design and calculation of uneven sea area. First of all, the mathematical model of multi-beam line surveying with variable direction of line surveying is obtained through geometric relation and sine and cosine theorem, etc., and the coverage width , overlap rate between lines  and sea depth  of measuring ships at different positions are solved. Secondly, the characteristics of sea terrain are analyzed, and the variation law of the coverage width  of the measured line with the angle of the measured line direction  is explored. Finally, whether the beginning and end points of the survey line reach the north and south banks is classified and discussed, and the traversal calculation method is designed to exhaustively explore all possible points and solve the minimum points.