Foaming of blood in endovenous laser treatment

Abstract

This work is dedicated to a challenging issue of modern phlebology-establishment of a physical mechanism of the endovenous laser treatment (EVLT) against great saphenous vein incompetence (protuberant varicosities). Using optical and acoustical methods, we have studied the laser-induced formation of microbubbles in an aqueous solution of surface-active substances, serum, and blood directly in patients while conducting EVLT of the great saphenous vein in a clinical setting. We have used lasers with wavelengths 0.97 and 1.47 μm. Their radiation was transmitted through a quartz-quartz polymer fiber 600 μm in diameter. It has been found that in all cases, the laser beam with moderate power (1-10 W) supplied through an optical fiber leads to the formation of micro-bubbled foam. It has been shown that laser exposure during EVLT induces blood boiling, which results in heating of the venous walls (thermal destruction of the intima) and provides effective foam occlusion of the blood vessels (hemostasis). Necessary and sufficient conditions for a successful EVLT are associated with the thermal destruction of intima and laser-induced foam hemostasis.

Application of Optical Fiber Sensing Technology and Coating Technology in Blood Component Detection and Monitoring

“…Fiber optic sensors emerge as promising candidates for glucose sensing due to their advantages of miniaturization, resistance to electromagnetic interference, low cost, and rapid response. Moreover, fiber optic sensors exhibit excellent biocompatibility, making them suitable for in situ detection within the body [43][44][45][46].…”

Thermophysical Properties of Liquids in Not Fully Stable States—From the First Steps to the Current Trends

“…These solutions are generally connected with developing technologies for supercritical heat transfer in power generation (especially for 4th generation nuclear reactors in which supercritical water is used as a heat carrier [22,23]) and converting phase transition energy into transport fluids at the microscale [24,25]. In this connection, inkjet printers [26], bubble pumps [27], and fuel transmission and fire-extinguisher technologies [28,29] may be mentioned, as well as various bio-medical applications [30,31]. The prospect for using not fully stable liquids in modern technologies is associated with a steady trend towards the miniaturization of heat-generating devices, the intensification of heat transfer processes, and the increasing involvement of computer science approaches in research [32,33].…”

Stripping of the anterior accessory saphenous vein. An unexpected complication of 1940 nm endovenous laser ablation

“…Laser energy exposure induces thermal injury of the vein wall as well as boiling the water around the probe, which results in the vein wall destruction, vein shrinkage, and effective vessel occlusion [1].…”