Foamy-Oil-Viscosity Measurement

Alshmakhy, Ahmed; Maini, Brij B.

doi:10.2118/136665-pa

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Dissolved gases (methane, ethane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, etc.) are known to significantly reduce the viscosity of oils and bitumen by several orders of magnitude depending on the saturation pressure. − Bergman and Sutton have also collected available data on gas-saturated oils (1850 samples) covering a limited viscosity range from 5 × 10 –5 to 3.3 Pa·s with GOR from 3 to 6500 scf/stb (0.5 to 1160 m 3 /m 3 ) and bubble pressure from 66 to 10300 psi (0.46 to 71.02 MPa), which they used for creation of an improved live-oil viscosity correlation. This comprehensive study demonstrates the absence of a live-oil viscosity correlation for heavy oils with higher viscosities, which can be used to predict their fluid transport characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viscosity of Alaska Heavy Oil Saturated with Methane

2013

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Viscosity, μ, of Ugnu heavy oil (North Slope of Alaska, USA) saturated with methane was measured at temperatures from 0 to 60 °C, pressure from 15 to 1800 psi, and shear rate of 0.1−500 s −1 using a high-pressure rheology apparatus constructed for this work. Under all saturated conditions, the oil behaves as a Newtonian fluid. The influence of temperature, pressure, and methane concentration was analyzed, and important regularities in the viscosity were established. A two-variable Antoine-type correlation, μ = f(T, p), with 6 fitting parameters was developed using 48 points on a p,T,μ-diagram for Ugnu oil. Since produced oil is accompanied by sand and water, their influence on the viscosity of Ugnu oil saturated with methane at 1500 psi was also studied. The relative viscosity of the Ugnu oil + water emulsions at temperatures from 2 to 60 °C increased linearly with increasing water concentration from 0 to 20 wt % following the Einstein viscosity model for dilute suspensions. Although possible in the time scale of days, hydrate formation at temperatures below 13 °C (thermodynamic hydrate formation temperature at 1500 psi) did not interfere with the rheological measurements for the emulsions. Due to rapid sand particle sedimentation in methane-saturated Ugnu oil during experimental stages, the impact of sand concentration on the live oil viscosity could not be evaluated. Overall, the viscosity of Ugnu oil as a function of pressure and temperature can be used to simulate the oil's behavior during production.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viscosity of Alaska Heavy Oil Saturated with Methane

2013

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“…For foamy oils, it has been suggested that the apparent oil viscosity remains relatively constant or perhaps declines slightly between the true bubblepoint and a characteristic lower pressure, called pseudo-bubblepoint, which is the pressure at which the gas starts separating from the oil. Below this pressure, the viscosity increases, reaching the dead-oil value at atmospheric pressure [15] Parallel solution gas drive experiments were conducted with a heavy crude oil from reservoir and a deasphalted version of the same oil and to eliminate the influence of oil viscosity, the original crude oil was diluted with a 50-50 mixture of heptane and toluene to reduce the viscosity to the same level as that of the deasphalted oil. The experiments were carried out in a visual sand pack that permitted observation of the bubble formation in the sand.…”

Section: Viscositymentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Compressibility on Heavy/FoamyOil Flow

Busahmin¹,

Maini²,

Hasan³

2017

IOSR JEN

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-Based on American petroleum institute heavy oil iscategorized to have 10 and 20-degreegravity and a viscosity of thousands of centi-poises that flow under solution gas driveas the mean driving mechanism. thatensues in pressure decline experiments by way of investigationin many laboratory tests worldwide. It is alsobelieved to be avital recovery mechanism in some heavy oil reservoirs in the world, which have revealed more performance in recovery factors when it was compared to Darcy flow behaviour, however Darcy deals with single flow behaviour. Many scholars had investigated heavy oil properties for the past decades, and attempted to explain them. This article shows one of the most significant properties for heavy oil flow which is the compressibility. foamy oil or heavy oil has different properties, such as low production gas oil ratio, high oil viscosity, high daily production rate and high primary recovery factor. The compressibility of the foam turns out to be one of the predominant factor that directs the foamy oil phenomenon. To enumerate the focalaspects affecting the compressibility of the heavy oil, dead oil compressibility for both refined mineral oil and crude oil were measured using the densitometer Paar DMA 45, and then the compressibility of the live oil was measured using the same set-up with the same technique as for the dead oil. Foamy oil is more compressible than conventional solution gas because of the tiny gas bubbles that are diffused in the oil; thus, the oil formation volume factor is much higher than the conventional oil. The experimental results show that at different saturation pressures and room temperature, the trends fit the expected behaviour above the saturation pressures. In addition, the measurements of the live oil compressibility were also attempted below the saturation pressures. It was concluded that the oil viscosity is more dominant factor than compressibility compared to the presence or absence of asphaltenes and other highly polar oil components.

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“…Since pressure has little impact on either the liquid viscosity (Alshmakhy and Maini, 2012;Freitas et al, 2014;Yan et al, 2014) or liquid density (Abdulagatov et al, 2014;Hussein and Amin, 2010), oil, water, and their mixture are considered as Newtonian and incompressible fluids. And there is no heat exchange or work between the fluid and environment, the system remains isothermal.…”

Section: Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Oil-Water Separator Design Based on the Combination of Two Flow Resistance Mechanisms

Wang

Zeng

Wang

et al. 2016

Day 4 Fri, March 25, 2016

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Numerous oil wells, especially in their middle-late periods, are becoming less economic due to the high lifting costs and reduced recoveries. The downhole oil-water separation (DOWS) system is aimed to lower the production cost, reduce the environment impact, and enhance the oil recovery. However, current separators are of either poor separation effects or poor separation efficiencies.In this paper, a novel oil-water separator design is proposed based on the combination of two different flow resistance mechanisms and pipe serial-parallel theory, with the restrictive path restricting the heavier water, while the frictional path impeding the more viscous oil. Based on the combination of the flow pattern transformation criterion, homogenous model, two-fluid model, and pipe serial-parallel theory, a unified model of oil-water two-phase flow is developed to predict both the flow rate and water content distributions in different paths, which is then compared with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results. Unlike the CFD results, each path has a specific flow rate and water content, and as a consequence, specific flow regime and flow pattern.Both the CFD and model results show that the flow distributions in different paths of the separator will be adjusted automatically according to the fluid's property, while the model can also predict the water content distributions at the same time. And the average relative error for flow distribution is 17.71%, while that for water content distribution is 32.66%. Specifically, oil, being more viscous, mainly takes the restrictive path; while water, being heavier, tends to take the frictional path instead. To sum up, this autonomous function directs oil and water to different paths, hence oil and water is well separated.

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Foamy-Oil-Viscosity Measurement

Cited by 21 publications

References 10 publications

Viscosity of Alaska Heavy Oil Saturated with Methane

Viscosity of Alaska Heavy Oil Saturated with Methane

Influence of Compressibility on Heavy/FoamyOil Flow

A Novel Oil-Water Separator Design Based on the Combination of Two Flow Resistance Mechanisms

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