Focal Philophthalmus gralli infection possibly persists in Melanoides tuberculata over two years following the definitive hosts' removal

Heneberg, Petr; Rojas, Alicia; Bizos, Jiří; Kocková, Lucie; Malá, Milena; Rojas, Diana

doi:10.1016/j.parint.2014.07.012

Cited by 25 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The parasiticidal activity of prazquantel against cretodes, including Hymenolepis nana (1 µg/mL) for 5 min and Diphyllobothrium latum (0.1 µg/mL) for 4 h, was previously reported [ 29 , 30 ]. Interestingly, the effective therapeutic intramuscular medication of PZQ in patient chicken with P. gralli infestation were recently published [ 6 ]. Unfortunately, topical ophthalmic drug delivery of PZQ for avian ocular medication has not been studied scientifically.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The several papers reporting successful chemotherapeutic clinical trials of the praziquantel (PZQ) in the treatment of human trematode and cestode infestations have been published. Interestingly, the effective therapeutic protocols of PZQ by single intramuscular medication for chicken philophthalmiasis were recently also reported [ 6 ]. However, the ocular delivery of parenteral drugs is limited by the blood–retinal barriers and ocular perfusion, since the animal eyes have a relatively low blood supply when compared to other parts of the body [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preclinical Evaluations of Modified Rice Hydrogel for Topical Ophthalmic Drug Delivery of Praziquantel on Avian Philophalmiasis

et al. 2021

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The present study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a novel drug delivery system of the modified rice hydrogel containing praziquantel (PZQ) against Philophthalmus gralli isolated from ostrich eyes and determine the toxicity of the preparation on chicken eye model. The parasiticidal activity of PZQ (0, 1, 10, and 100 µg/mL) was tested on P. gralli. The ophthalmic antiparasitic hydrogel was formulated with appropriate amount of PZQ and chemically modified rice gel. The parasitic morphology after exposure with the preparation was examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM). The anthelminthic efficacy of the preparation on motility and mortality of parasites was performed by visual inspection and vital dye staining. The ocular irritation of the preparation was evaluated for 21 days using standard avian model followed by OECD 405. The results demonstrated that the parasiticidal activity of PZQ against P. gralli appears to be in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. In addition, the concentration of PZQ 10 µg/mL (Chi squared test, p = 0.003) and exposure time for 24 h (log-rank test, p = 0.0004) is sufficient to kill parasites, when statistically compared to negative control group. Rice hydrogel containing a lethal concentration of 10 µg/mL PZQ was successfully prepared. The preparation illustrated good parasitic killing and motile inhibiting effect on P. gralli compared with PZQ 10 µg/mL and its control (p < 0.05). An appearance under SEM of non-viable parasite after being incubated with the preparation, showing parasitic deformity, was observed comparing with the viable parasite in 0.9% normal saline solution (NSS). Moreover, no irritation of chicken eyes was also observed. Our results contribute to understanding the efficacy and the safety of the rice hydrogel of PZQ which have a predictive value for controlling P. gralli on the animal eyes. However, the pharmacological application needs to be further investigated for the best possible therapeutic approach.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preclinical Evaluations of Modified Rice Hydrogel for Topical Ophthalmic Drug Delivery of Praziquantel on Avian Philophalmiasis

et al. 2021

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“…We extracted and amplified DNA as described (Heneberg et al 2014), using the primers targeting nuclear 18S rDNA, ITS2 and 28S rDNA loci, and mitochondrial CO1 and ND1 loci ( Table 2). The new primers for the amplification of partial 28S rDNA (CF11in-FW and CF11in-RV for) were designed for Plagiorchiida using Primer3 (http:// frodo.wi.mit.edu/primer3, accessed on 4-Jan-2016) based on 100% conserved parts of 28S rDNA sequences of Collyriclum faba and Maritrema spp.…”

Section: Dna Extraction Amplification and Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central European parasitic flatworms of the family Renicolidae Dollfus, 1939 (Trematoda: Plagiorchiida): molecular and comparative morphological analysis rejects the synonymization ofRenicola pinguiscomplex suggested by Odening

et al. 2016

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The Renicolidae are digenean parasites of piscivorous and molluscivorous birds. Although they exhibit few morphological autapomorphies and are highly variable, the numerous suggested re-classifications within the family have never been supported by any molecular analyses. We address the possible synonymization of species within the Renicola pinguis complex suggested previously by Odening. We provide and analyse sequences of two nuclear (ITS2, 28S rDNA) and two mitochondrial (CO1, ND1) DNA loci of central European species of the Renicolidae, namely Renicola lari, Renicola pinguis and Renicola sternae sp. n., and we also provide first sequences of Renicola sloanei. The combined molecular and comparative morphological analysis confirms the previously questioned validity of the three Renicola spp. of highly similar morphology, which display strict niche separation in terms of host specificity and selectivity. We identify two previously unreported clades within the genus Renicola; however, only one of them is supported by the analysis of adult worms. We also provide comparative measurements of the three examined closely related central European renicolids, and describe the newly proposed tern-specialized species Renicola sternae sp. n., which was previously repeatedly misidentified as Renicola paraquinta. Based on the extensive dataset collected in 1962-2015, we update the host spectrum of Renicolidae parasitizing central European birds (Renicola bretensis, R. lari, Renicola mediovitellata, R. pinguis, Renicola secunda and R. sternae sp. n.) and discuss their host-specific prevalence and intensity of infections.

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“…We extracted and amplified DNA as described (Heneberg et al . 2014), using the primers targeting nuclear 18S rDNA and ITS2 loci, and mitochondrial CO1 and ND1 loci (Table 2). The new primer (JB4·5-in) was designed using Primer3 (, accessed on 12-May-2014) based on conserved CO1 sequences of Leucochloridium spp.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and comparative morphological analysis of central European parasitic flatworms of the superfamily Brachylaimoidea Allison, 1943 (Trematoda: Plagiorchiida)

2016

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The Brachylaimoidea are digenean parasites of vertebrates, including humans, domestic animals, poultry and wild game. Numerous Brachylaimoidea, particularly adults of Brachylaima and Leucochloridium, are difficult to identify to species. We provide and analyse sequences of two nuclear (18S rDNA, ITS2) and two mitochondrial (CO1, ND1) DNA loci of central European species of the Brachylaimoidea, namely Leucochloridium holostomum, Leucochloridium paradoxum, Leucochloridium perturbatum, Leucochloridium subtilis, Leucochloridium vogtianum, Urotocus rossitensis, Urogonimus macrostomus, Michajlovia migrata, Leucochloridiomorpha lutea, Brachylaima arcuatus, Brachylaima fuscata and Brachylaima mesostoma. We identified three clades in the genus Leucochloridium, which do not correspond to the previously suggested subgenera Neoleucochloridium, Papilloleucochloridium and Leucochloridium. We reject classification of Urotocus and Urogonimus in Leucochloridiinae, and, instead, re-establish the subfamilies Urotocinae and Urogoniminae. We synonymize the genus Renylaima with the genus Brachylaima. We reject M. migrata as a member of Leucochloridiinae sensu stricto or Brachylaimidae suggested by some previous authors. We found that the previously sequenced Glaphyrostomum sp. does not cluster with any hitherto sequenced Brachylaimidae. We also provide comparative measurements of the examined central European Brachylaimoidea, address the the specificity of their localization in the host and discuss their host-specific prevalence and intensity of infections based on the extensive dataset of birds examined in 1962-2015.

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Focal Philophthalmus gralli infection possibly persists in Melanoides tuberculata over two years following the definitive hosts' removal

Cited by 25 publications

References 27 publications

Preclinical Evaluations of Modified Rice Hydrogel for Topical Ophthalmic Drug Delivery of Praziquantel on Avian Philophalmiasis

Preclinical Evaluations of Modified Rice Hydrogel for Topical Ophthalmic Drug Delivery of Praziquantel on Avian Philophalmiasis

Central European parasitic flatworms of the family Renicolidae Dollfus, 1939 (Trematoda: Plagiorchiida): molecular and comparative morphological analysis rejects the synonymization ofRenicola pinguiscomplex suggested by Odening

Molecular and comparative morphological analysis of central European parasitic flatworms of the superfamily Brachylaimoidea Allison, 1943 (Trematoda: Plagiorchiida)

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