Focal reflex myoclonus

Sutton, Granger; Mayer, Richard F.

doi:10.1136/jnnp.37.2.207

Cited by 100 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…However, elicitation of a reflex response in the forearm muscles at a latency compatible with a transcortical path suggests motor cortex hyperexcitability. 8,10,12 In our patients, this response, found at a latency of 55.3 ± 4.1 ms, is compatible with an exaggerated cutaneous reflex, or E2. 11 Myoclonus has been described previously in a large percentage of patients with cMSA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Postural and action myoclonus in patients with parkinsonian type multiple system atrophy

et al. 2000

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Postural and action myoclonus in patients with parkinsonian type multiple system atrophy

et al. 2000

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“…Our patient's myoclonus is of subcortical or extrapyramidal origin since her EEGs and SEPs were normal [11], Segmental myoclonus [9] was ruled out since myoclonic jerks were not rhythmic or continuous and she had no cervical lesions. In focal reflex myoclonus [10], defined sensory précipitants are evident and electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves elicits a late 'C' response concomitant to limb myoclo nus, and SEPs are abnormal with large-amplitude corti cal potentials. Sheehy and Marsden [8] postulated an extrapyramidal (basal ganglionic) disorder of motor pro gramming in writers' cramp; the beneficial effect ob tained with stereotactic thalamotomy [5] in writing tremor, as well as the specific task dependence and uni directionality of the tremor recorded on our patient sup port a similar explanation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Writing Tremor Myoclonus

Jacome

1988

Eur Neurol

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A patient with a 9-year history of primary writing tremor is described. Spontaneous postural tonic abduction and tremor of the right index finger was also present. Atypical features included unidirectionality of the tremor, writing-associated and independent, bilateral proximal upper limb myoclonus. No clinical response was obtained after intravenous benztropine and subtotal lidocaine infiltration of the right first dorsal interosseous muscle motor point. There was no dystonia present. This case illustrates the sporadic occurrence of writing tremor of the primary type in the absence of dystonia, otherwise a common feature of writer’s cramp.

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“…3 Palatal myoclonus has been reported in pontine stroke, 6 and ''focal reflex myoclonus'' was reported in 1 patient with a large left middle cerebral artery stroke, although the involvement of deeper basal ganglia structures was not established. 7 Lesions to the basal ganglia are most frequently implicated in post-stroke movement disorders. [1][2][3] Focal lesions interrupting either the direct or the indirect pathways could result in a variety of movement disorders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalized Myoclonus

Inoa

McCullough

2013

The Neurohospitalist

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Movement disorders have been reported as rare complications of stroke. The basal ganglia have been implicated in the pathophysiology of most post-stroke dyskinesias. We outline different types of post-stroke myoclonus and their possible pathophysiology. A middle-aged man developed generalized myoclonus after an ischemic stroke in the superior midbrain and subthalamic nuclei. Spontaneous resolution was seen by 72 hours. A lesion to the subthalamic nuclei disrupted the normal thalamic inhibition, which likely led to the involuntary movements seen in our patient. In this case, myoclonus was generalized, which, to the best of our knowledge, has not been reported in the literature as a direct consequence of focal stroke.Keywords stroke, cerebrovascular disorders, movement disorders, clinical specialty, stroke and cerebrovascular disease, clinical specialty Movement disorders are rare complications of stroke. These can manifest as either long-term sequelae (usually after motor function has been partially or totally regained) or, less commonly, an immediate consequence of brain ischemia or hemorrhage. We report a case of a 61-year-old man with controlled hypertension on metroprolol who was found unresponsive in his home. He was initially transferred by ambulance to an outside hospital, where a nonenhanced head computed tomography (CT) was negative. He was given phenytoin 1000 mg intravenously (IV) and decadron 20 mg IV prior to arrival at our center. On our initial neurologic examination performed 3.5 hours after he was found unresponsive, he was stuporous and not responding to commands. He was withdrawing to pain in all 4 extremities and an extensor plantar reflex was noted on the right. Cranial nerves showed fixed and unequal pupils (right 5 mm and left 2 mm), left eye hypertropia, and right eye exotropia. Corneal and gag reflexes were present. No involuntary movements were appreciated. His National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 22. General examination revealed an irregular heart rate and a blood pressure of 131/76 mm Hg. His electrocardiography showed atrial fibrillation. He was intubated immediately for airway protection after apneic breathing episodes were noted. Rocuronium was used for intubation, and he was premedicated with lidocaine and etomidate. After intubation, a single propofol bolus was given for transient hypertension and agitation. His oxygen saturation remained over 95% at all times. Urine toxicology and serum biochemistry that included a basic metabolic panel, cardiac, and liver enzymes were normal, except for the serum creatine kinase level that was found to be elevated (ie, 748 IU/L). A repeat nonenhanced head CT showed areas of hypoattenuation in the brain stem. Subsequent CT angiography was normal, with no evidence of large-vessel stenosis or embolus. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed clear evidence of restricted diffusion in the right and superior aspects of the midbrain, extending bilaterally upward into the subthalamic nuclei, which was also seen on fluidatten...

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Focal reflex myoclonus

Cited by 100 publications

References 26 publications

Postural and action myoclonus in patients with parkinsonian type multiple system atrophy

Postural and action myoclonus in patients with parkinsonian type multiple system atrophy

Writing Tremor Myoclonus

Generalized Myoclonus

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