Foci of Schistosoma mansoni in Assiut province in Middle Egypt

Medhat, Ahmed; Abdel‐Aty, Mahmoud; Nafeh, Mohamed; Hammam, Hammam; Abdel-Samia, Abdella; Strickland, G. Thomas

doi:10.1016/0035-9203(93)90013-g

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In addition a number of communities with high prevalence of S. mansoni had emerged. Foci of S. mansoni were described in Fayoum [18] , Menya [23] and Assiut [24] . Consequently, The National Schistosomiasis Control Program has formulated objectives to prevent the further spread of S. mansoni in Upper Egypt [25] .…”

Section: Trend Of Schistosomiasis In Egyptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Schistosomiasis in Egypt: Travel through Time: Review

Barakat

2013

Journal of Advanced Research

131

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Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by blood flukes (Trematodes) of the genus Schistosoma (S.). It is well documented that schistosomiasis haematobium was endemic in Ancient Egypt. Infection was diagnosed in mummies 3000, 4000 and 5000 years old. Scott was the first to describe the pattern of schistosomiasis infection in Egypt. Schistosomiasis haematobium was highly prevalent (60%) both in the Nile Delta and Nile Valley South of Cairo in districts of perennial irrigation while it was low (6%) in districts of basin irrigation. Schistosoma mansoni infected 60% of the population in the Northern and Eastern parts of the Nile Delta and only 6% in the Southern part. Neither S. mansoni cases nor its snail intermediate host were found in the Nile Valley South of Cairo. The building of the Aswan High Dam -which was completed in 1967 – did not cause any increase in schistosomiasis prevalence. In 1990, a study conducted in nine governorates of Egypt confirmed the change in the pattern of schistosomiasis transmission in the Delta. There was an overall reduction in S. mansoni prevalence while Schistosoma haematobium had continued to disappear. In Middle and Upper Egypt there was consistent reduction in the prevalence of S. haematobium except in Sohag, Qena, and Aswan governorates. However, foci of S. mansoni were detected in Giza, Fayoum, Menya and Assiut. All schistosomiasis control projects implemented in Egypt from 1953 to 1985 adopted the strategy of transmission control and were based mainly on snail control supplemented by anti-bilharzial chemotherapy. In 1997, the National Schistosomiasis Control Program (NSCP) was launched in the Nile Delta. It adopted morbidity control strategy with Praziquantel mass treatment as the main component. In 1996, before the NSCP, 168 villages had S. mansoni prevalence >30%, 324 villages 20–30% and 654 villages 10–20%. By the end of 2010, in the whole country only 29 villages had prevalence >3% and none had more than 10%.

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Section: Trend Of Schistosomiasis In Egyptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Schistosomiasis in Egypt: Travel through Time: Review

Barakat

2013

Journal of Advanced Research

131

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“…Assiut city, the governorate capital, is also the home of Assiut University where much of the directed epidemiologic research on schistosomiasis in Assiut has been carried out. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Historically, Assiut has been endemic only for S. haematobium. 12,13 Because of early perennial irrigation systems in this governorate, prevalence of S. haematobium was high.…”

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confidence: 99%

The epidemiology of schistosomiasis in Egypt: Assiut governorate.

Hammam

Allam²,

Moftah³

et al. 2000

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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In the Assiut, Egypt Epidemiology 1, 2, 3 investigation, a sample of 14,204 persons in 10 villages, 31 ezbas (satellite communities), and 2,286 households was drawn from a rural population of 1,598,607. Parasitologic examination of urine and stool were made for Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni, and physical and ultrasound examinations were made on a 20% subsample. The overall estimated prevalence of S. haematobium was 5.2 Ϯ 0.5 (Ϯ SE). This varied considerably by village and ezba, ranging from 1.5% to 20.9%, with ezbas having a slightly higher overall prevalence than villages. The overall estimated geometric mean egg count was 6.6 Ϯ 0.5 eggs per 10 ml of urine and was consistently low throughout the communities. Infection with S. haematobium was associated with age (peak prevalence of 10.6 Ϯ 1.5% in 15-19-year-old age group) males, children playing in the canals, a history of blood in the urine, and reagent strip positivity for hematuria and proteinuria. The prevalence of either hepatomegaly or splenomegaly detected by physical examination was low (4.0% and 1.5%, respectively). The prevalence of hepatomegaly determined by ultrasonography was substantially higher, 24.1%. The prevalence of periportal fibrosis (PPF) was 12.0%, but grade II or III PPF was present in less than 1%. Ultrasonography-determined hepatomegaly, in both the midclavicular line and the midsternal line, increased by age to more than 30%. Periportal fibrosis was more common in the age groups in which infection rates were the highest. At the village and ezba level of analysis, the prevalence of hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and PPF tended to be higher in communities having the highest prevalence of infection with S. haematobium.

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“…Foci of S. mansoni have been described in the Fayoum by Abdel Wahab and others, 8 in Minya by Orieby and others, 9 and in Assiut by Medhat and others. 10 The National Schistosomiasis Control Program (NSCP) has formulated objectives to prevent the further spread of S. mansoni in Upper Egypt. 11 The spread of S. mansoni has serious implications on public health and on the schistosomiasis control strategy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of Schistosoma mansoni infection in upper Egypt: the Giza governorate.

Talaat

El-Ayyat²,

Sayed³

et al. 1999

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. We found an unexpectedly high prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni in a village in the Upper Egyptian governorate of Giza. Historically, S. mansoni is endemic in the northern Egyptian Nile Delta rather than in the southern Upper Egypt. This observation was made during an evaluation of a rural health care schistosomiasis surveillance program using a cross sectional survey for S. haematobium and S. mansoni in the village of El-Gezira El-Shakra ElSaf district in the Upper Egypt Giza Governorate. A 10% systematic random sample of households of the village was chosen. All persons in the selected houses were invited to submit urine and stool samples. All students from a primary school were also included in the study. Urine was screened by a polycarbonate filtration method and stool was examined using modified Kato-Katz technique. The prevalence of S. mansoni in the population sample and in the school children was 33.7% and 57.7%, respectively, whereas the prevalence of S. haematobium infection in the population sample and the school children was 7.4% and 10.6%, respectively. The prevalence of infection was highest in the younger age groups, and males were infected more than females. Review of Ministry of Health records showed that both species of vector snails, Bulinus truncatus and Biomphalaria alexandrina, were present from 1991 to 1995, and that B. alexandrina was more abundant than B. truncatus in the canals surrounding this village. The unexpected high prevalence of S. mansoni in this village indicates an urgent need to include training programs for S. mansoni surveillance in the primary health care facilities of Giza and to educate villagers to request examinations for S. mansoni as well as for S. haematobium infection.

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Foci of Schistosoma mansoni in Assiut province in Middle Egypt

Cited by 11 publications

References 4 publications

Epidemiology of Schistosomiasis in Egypt: Travel through Time: Review

Epidemiology of Schistosomiasis in Egypt: Travel through Time: Review

The epidemiology of schistosomiasis in Egypt: Assiut governorate.

Emergence of Schistosoma mansoni infection in upper Egypt: the Giza governorate.

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