Foci report on indigenous <i>Dermacentor reticulatus</i> populations in Belgium and a preliminary study of associated babesiosis pathogens

Cochez, Christel; Lempereur, Laetitia; Madder, Maxime; Claerebout, Edwin; Simons, L; Wilde, Nathalie De; Lindén, Annick; Saegerman, Claude; Heyman, Paul; Losson, Bertrand

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2915.2011.00998.x

Cited by 29 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Practicing veterinarians need to know whether these cases represent isolated, and seemingly improbable, misfortune (a naive dog is bitten by a recently introduced infected tick) or if they represent the establishment of new vector-pathogen-host ecologies in their local area [29]. Despite autochthonous cases of canine babesiosis reported in Belgium in recent years, no evidence of Babesia DNA was detected in field-collected ticks in one study [30]. However, the application of new gene sequencing technologies is starting to facilitate the study of microbial communities within haematophagous arthropods using a deep sequencing approach.…”

Section: Paradigm 1: Forget About 'Exotic' Disease -Expect the Unexpementioning

confidence: 99%

It shouldn’t happen to a dog … or a veterinarian: clinical paradigms for canine vector-borne diseases

Irwin

2014

Trends in Parasitology

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Keywords:Canine, vector-borne diseases, zoonosis, emerging disease, diagnosis, travel medicine, compliance AbstractCanine vector-borne diseases (CVBDs) comprise a diverse group of viral, bacterial, protozoal, and helminth pathogens, transmitted predominantly by ticks and fleas, and cause significant health problems for dogs worldwide. Growing numbers of reports indicate that CVBDs are emerging in regions where they previously did not exist and this, combined with pathogens that are inherently difficult to detect, is providing companion animal veterinarians with some significant diagnostic challenges. This review discusses six paradigms concerning the diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and zoonotic implications of CVBDs from a veterinary clinical perspective. Veterinarians are the key professionals at the companion animal: human interface. Not only do they provide the traditional medical and surgical services for pets, their training in the disciplines of parasitology, microbiology, epidemiology, and public health place them in a unique position to provide advice about matters pertaining to vector-borne diseases. Despite this, emerging canine vector-borne diseases (CVBDs) pose a number of significant and complex challenges for veterinarians in clinical practice whose responsibility it is to diagnose and treat these companion animals, while at the same time remaining mindful of the potential for disease transmission to the owners and other people living in close proximity, as well as to other susceptible animals [5]. As will be discussed here, many CVBDs are caused by organisms that are inherently difficult to detect, frequently cause nebulous clinical signs in their canine hosts, and are sometimes zoonotic. In addition, the rapid progress of scientific research in this area itself poses further challenges of how best to distil and disseminate this knowledge to busy veterinary practitioners worldwide at a time when every aspect of clinical practice is becoming more complex. How should practitioners keep current with information in this area so that they can provide appropriate evidence-based advice to their clients?

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Section: Paradigm 1: Forget About 'Exotic' Disease -Expect the Unexpementioning

confidence: 99%

It shouldn’t happen to a dog … or a veterinarian: clinical paradigms for canine vector-borne diseases

Irwin

2014

Trends in Parasitology

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“…It is undoubtedly scattering to the East, favoring milder winters. It has now been documented in Belgium [13], the Netherlands, where cases of canine babesiosis have become more and more frequent, it has also been observed in other country like Germany, Czech Republic and Slovakia [14,15]. In Slovakia, field studies showed that its limited area of presence had gained 200 km north since 1970s, as well as 300 m in altitude [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zoonotic infections or animal-vectorhuman transmission, animals are the reservoir and human being are considered secondary hosts and do not normally add to the disease diffusion cycle as their levels of circulating pathogen are often too low to help maintain transmission [5,7]. Anthroponotic infectivity can hypothetically be eliminated if all human cases of the disease are cured; while on other hand control of zoonotic diseases is difficult because all animal reservoirs of the infection would need to be treated [13].…”

Section: Impact Of Global Climate Change On Vector-borne Parasitic DImentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ecological allocation of both vectors and their reservoir hosts effect the geological allocation of VBDs. Mainly all vectors want to have hot and humid environment because they are cold-blooded organism so they can"t regulate their own internal temperature and therefore rely on outer environment [13]. In order to complete life cycle parasite need vectors, they can also act as the main mode of transmission of infection [17].…”

Section: Impact Of Global Climate Change On Vector-borne Parasitic DImentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Temperature and moisture modulate key events in the life cycle of Culicoides vectors, and climate change-related alterations of these environmental variables have the potential to (1) increase the range, abundance and seasonal activity of the vector, (2) increase the proportion of competent vector individuals, and (3) increase the development rates of the virus within the vector. Outbreaks of West Nile and St. Louis encephalitis viruses are associated with above average summer temperatures Pathogen-In hot temperatures there is reduced extrinsic incubation era of the parasite which is present inside the vector [13].…”

Section: Temperature Effects On Vectors and Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thwack of Worldwide Weather Transformation on Vector and Vector-Borne Parasitic Infections

2017

ARC Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

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Babesia spp. in questing ticks from eastern Poland: prevalence and species diversity

et al. 2015

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A total of 853 questing Ixodes ricinus males, females, and nymphs and of 582 questing Dermacentor reticulatus males and females were collected from vegetation on the territory of the Lublin province (eastern Poland). The ticks were examined for the presence of Babesia by PCR detecting part of 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene and nuclear small subunit rRNA (SS-rDNA) for determining of Babesia spp. and Babesia microti, respectively. The overall incidence of Babesia strains in I. ricinus ticks was 4.6 %. Three species of Babesia were identified. The prevalent species was B. microti which occurred in 2.8 % of ticks, while Babesia venatorum, Babesia divergens, and unidentified Babesia species were found at the frequency of 1.2, 0.2, and 0.3 %, respectively. Altogether, B. microti constituted 61.5 % of the total strains detected in I. ricinus, B. venatorum—25.7 %, B. divergens—5.1 %, and unidentified Babesia species—7.7 %. The prevalence of Babesia species in I. ricinus did not depend significantly on locality (χ2 = 1.885, P = 0.390) nor on the tick stage (χ2 = 4.874, P = 0.087). The incidence of Babesia strains in D. reticulatus ticks was 2.7 %. Two species of Babesia were identified. Again, the prevalent species was B. microti which occurred in 2.1 % of ticks, while B. canis was found in 0.7 % of ticks. In one D. reticulatus female, B. canis and B. microti co-infection was found. Altogether, B. microti constituted 75 % of the total strains detected in D. reticulatus while B. canis formed 25 % of the total strains. The frequency of the occurrence of Babesia species in D. reticulatus did not depend significantly on locality (χ2 = 0.463, P = 0.793). The difference between the prevalence of Babesia in males and females of D. reticulatus was insignificant (P = 0.0954); nymphs were not found. The dominance of B. microti in the species composition of tick-borne Babesia found in this study was typical for eastern Europe. In conclusion, the results revealed that the population inhabiting the forested area of eastern Poland could be exposed to Babesia parasites, especially to those from the species B. microti, by a bite of I. ricinus, a competent vector of human babesiosis, and probably also by a bite of D. reticulatus whose role in the transmission of human babesiosis needs to be clarified.

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Foci report on indigenous Dermacentor reticulatus populations in Belgium and a preliminary study of associated babesiosis pathogens

Abstract: The occurrence of indigenous clinical cases of canine (Losson et al., 1999) and equine (Mantran et al., 2004)

Cited by 29 publications

References 14 publications

It shouldn’t happen to a dog … or a veterinarian: clinical paradigms for canine vector-borne diseases

It shouldn’t happen to a dog … or a veterinarian: clinical paradigms for canine vector-borne diseases

Thwack of Worldwide Weather Transformation on Vector and Vector-Borne Parasitic Infections

Babesia spp. in questing ticks from eastern Poland: prevalence and species diversity

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